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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 types of cutaneous fungal infections ?
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dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor
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What causes tinea versicolor?
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malassezia furfur
AKA - pityrosporum orbiculare or pityrosporum ovale |
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What organism that can cause dermatophytosis glow under wood's lamp?
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Microsporum
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What is the cause of sporotrichosis?
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sporothrix shenkii
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What organism causes local pustules at site of puncture wounds by plants?
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sphorthrix shenkii -
sporotrichosis |
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What organism looks like cigar-shaped budding yeast?
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sporothrix shenkii
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What are the 3 systemic fungal diseases?
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coccidioidomycosis
histoplasmosis blastomycosis |
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What are the opportunistic fungal infections?
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cryptococcosis
candidiasis aspergillosis mucormycosis (camc) |
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How is cryptococcosis acquired?
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bird droppins with cryptococcus neoformans is inhaled --> asympt or pneumonia --> disseminate to CNS
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What do candida albicans involved in an infection take on the shape of?
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germ tubes and pseudohyphae
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What is it called when aspergillosis chronically contaminates the bronchi?
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Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis - asthmatic symptoms + high IgE titers
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What monomorphic fungus grows in decaying vegetation, forms V-shaped septate hyphae and causes "fungus balls" ?
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aspergillus - aspergillosis
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What produces aflatoxin?
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Aspergillus flavus
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What patients are especially at risk for mucormycosis?
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DKA, burns, or leukemia
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What is the only life cycle stage of malarial organisms that can enter RBCs?
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merozoites
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malaria occurs when a mosquito bites a human and injects sporozoites into the blood stream. From there they go to what organ and become what?
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liver; become merozoites
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Merozoites leave the liver and enter the RBCs where they replicate and cause what every 48 hours (72 for malariae)?
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hemolysis - severe
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What is the only way by which malaria can be spread from animal or human to mosquito?
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gametocytes
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Asexual development of malaria occurs in the human/animal or mosquito?
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human/animal
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What causes malaria-like symptoms is diagnosed by trophozoites in RBCs making a maltese cross formation?
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Babesia
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What tissue protozoa must be diagnosed by bronchial lavage with silver stain of specimen?
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pneumocystis carinii (pneumocystis jiroveci)
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This tissue protozoa that causes bilateral rales & rhonchi and is treated with TMP-SMX is common in AIDS patients and premies
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pneumocystis carinii (pneumocystis jiroveci)
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What protozoa is acquired from food contaminated with cat feces, under-cooked meats, or inhalation of air rich in cat feces/litter dust?
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toxoplasma gondii
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What is the cause of Kala-Azar & Black Sickness?
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sandfly bite - Leishmania donovani
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What agent is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis?
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Stibogluconate
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What causes Chagas Disease?
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kissing bug - Trypanosoma cruzi
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How is chagas disease treated?
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Nifurtimox
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What is the vector for trypanosoma brucie?
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tse-tse fly
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What are the 2 subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei?
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gambiense and rhodesiense
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What protozoa causes African sleeping sickness?
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Trypanosoma brucei -
gambiense rhodesiense |
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What are the 3 parts of African Sleeping Sickness?
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1) fever, spiking every 2 weeks
2) lymphadenopathy 3) encephalopathy --> sleep/wake cycle opposite |
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What is the treatment for African Sleeping Sickness?
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Suramin or Pentamidine
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What are the DOC in African Sleeping Sickness if the patient is encephalopathic?
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Melarsoprol +/- prednisone or Eflornithine
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What intestinal protozoa causes tear drop or flast-shaped ulcers in the colon resulting in bloody diarrhea?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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What intestinal protozoa infects the small intestine causing non-bloody/foul smelling diarrhea and is associated with hikers/camper drinking streat water?
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Giardia lamblia
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What amoeba is acquired by swimming in warm water in Souther US and enters nasal mucosa and passes thru cribiform plate and is rapidly fatal?
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naegleria fowleri
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What amoeba causes keratitis in healthy contact lens users?
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Acanthamoeba castellanii
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What are the two classifications for helmiths?
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round worms (nematodes) & flat worms (platyhelminths)
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What are the two further classifications of flatworms?
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flukes (trematodes) and tapeworms (cestodes)
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what is the name for blood flukes?
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shistosoma
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What must be present in the water in order for blood flukes to grow/develop?
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snails
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What effect do schistosoma mansoni and japonicum have?
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portal HTN
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What effect does schistosoma hematobium have?
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bladder fibrosis --> bladder cancer
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What schistosoma is ingested by eating raw fish?
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clonorchis sinensis
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What schistosoma is ingested with raw crab?
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paragonimus westermani
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Which form of shistosoma may lead to cholangitis --> cholangiocarcinoma?
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clonorchis sinensis
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What is the "pig tapeworm" ?
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Taenia solium
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What is the "beef tapeworm"?
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Taenia saginata
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What is the "fish tapeworm"?
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Diphylloborthrium latum
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What tapeworm will cause B12 deficiency?
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"fish tapeworm" - diphylloborthrium latum
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What is the "dog tapeworm"?
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Echinococcus granulosus
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What is the #1 helminth in the US?
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"pinworm" Enterobius vermicularis
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What is the name for the "pinworm"
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Enterobius vermicularis
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How is enterobius vermicularis diagnosed?
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scotch tape test
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What helminth causes perianal pruritis, especially at night?
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Enterobius vermicularis
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What is the largest intestinal nematode?
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ascaris lumbricoides
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What is the other name for Necator americanus?
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"American hookworm" - New world hookworm
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What is the difference between the American hookworm and the old world hookworm?
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The old world hookworm HAS TEETH!
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What organism is the "Old World Hookworm" ?
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Ancylostoma duodenale
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How is Trichinella spiralis ingested?
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eating raw or undercooked pork, BEAR, or seal
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What organims causes filariasis?
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Wuchereria bancrofti
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What disease literally makes your skin crawl?
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Dranunculus medinensis - guinea fire worm
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How is dranunculus medinensis eradicated from the body?
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by rolling it on a stick
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