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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four clinical classifications for the fungi?
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Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses, Subcutaneous Mycoses, Deep Seated Mycoses and Opportunistic Mycoses.
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Where are the Superficial and Cutaneous mycoses found?
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The superficial are limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hairshafts. The cutaneous mycoses extend deeper into the epidermis and include invasive hair and nail infections.
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What do Subcutaenous Mycoses involve? What special type of fungi is found in this group? What is special about this group?
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Dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia.
Dematiaceous fungi. They have melanin in their hyphae and or conidia. |
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How may the dematiaceous fungi be dividied? What agents occur in the saprobes? What agents occur in the pathogens?
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Into saprobes and pathogens.
Phaeohyphomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis and eumycotic mycetomas. |
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In what population do deep seated mycoses cause disease in? What is the characteristic of all these fungi except Cryptococcus?
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Those not normally immunocompromised.
They all are dimorphic-grow as mold at room temp and yeast when in human (body temp.) |
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Where do opportunistic infections occur? What fungi are included in this group? Why are they called that?
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In those with impairments of the immune system. In normal hosts fungi are nonpathogenic or produce less significant illness.
Hyaline saprobes. Have a clear hyphae. |
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What does the term mycoses mean? What tissue do superficial and cutaneous mycoses invovle?
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Fungal infection.
Keratinised; skin, hair and nails. |
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What are the three important superficial mycoses?
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Peidra, Tinea nigra, Pityriasis versicolor.
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What are the three important cutaeous mycoses?
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Dermatophytosis (tinea), Candidiasis, Nondermatophytic moulds.
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What are the four important subcutaneous mycoses?
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Eumycotic mycetomas, Chromoblastomycosis, Phaehyphomycosis and Sporotichosis.
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What is Piedra an infection of? What does it produce?
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Hair shafts.
Tiny nodules on hairs of scalp, face and pubic area. |
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What does Trichosporon beigelii cause? What do they look like? What types of patients may acquire disseminated trichosporonosis?
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White peidra.
Yellowish, softer nodules. Those with acute leukaemia, organ transplantation, prosthetic cardiac valves. |
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What does Piedraia hortae cause? What do they look like?
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Black piedra.
Black, harder nodules. |
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What is Tinea nigra? What causes it?
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A chronic, superifical infection of skin producing black or borwn patches usually on palms and soles.
Exophiala werneckii. |
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What is Pityriasis versicolor? What does it look like in pale people? What does it look like in dark people? What is it caused by?
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Pale, brown flaky patches of skin on trunk, neck and arms.
Pink or coppery. Lighter patches. Malassezia furfur |
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What is Dermatophyosis more commonly known as? What are the three genera which produce these infections?
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Tinea.
Trichophyton, Mirosproum and Epidermophyton floccosum. |
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What are the sources of human infection with dermatphytic fungi? Depending on their primary source what may the dermatophytic fungi be classifed as?
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Soil, animals or other people.
Geophilic, Zoophilic or Anthropophilic. |
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What is the classical lesion of tinea? What does it look like?
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Tinea circinata. An annular lesion with dry, scaly skin in the center and slightly raised, variably inflamed spreading margin.
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What is it called when dermatophyte fungi infect the nails?
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Onychomycosis or tinea unguium.
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What form do Candidiasis mainly exist in? Hwo do they reproduce? In clinical specimens how may they be found?
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Yeast form.
By budding. yeasts, hyphae or pseudohyphae. |
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What are the ten pathogenic Candida species and which is the most common human pathogen?
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C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. lusitanae, C. rugosa and C. glabrata,
Candidia albicans is most common pathogen. |
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Where may the Candida species be located in humans? Why is it called an opportunistic fungus? When may infection of skin and mucous membranes occur?
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Mucous membranes such as mouth, oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract and vagina.
More serious infections seen in immunocompormised individuals. 1. When balance of normal bacterial flora is altered (AB use, hormone change) 2.Damage or increased moistness of skin 3. Impaired immunity |
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What are the types of Candida skin infections?
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-Intertriginous candidiasis (two skin surfaces pressed together)
-Dipaer candidasis -Candida balanitis-under foreskin of uncircumcised males -Candida folliculitis-infection of hair follicles -Candida paronychia (post. and lat. nail folds) -Candida onychomycosis-infectin of nail |
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Nondermatophytic moulds are often collected for which infection?
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Onychomycosis.
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What are the names of the Nondermatophytic moulds?
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Scopularopsis brevicaulis, Onychocola canadensis, Fusarium oxysporum, Hendersonula/Scytalidium spp, Acremonium spp, Aspergillus spp.
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What are subcuteanous mycoses? What fungi are they caused by? What is special about these fungi?
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Chronic infections from traumatic implanation of fungi from soil or decaying vegetation.
Dematiaceous fungi. They have melanin in their hyphae and/or conidia. |
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What is Eumycotic mycetoma also know as? How do the dematiaceous fungi of Eumycotic mycetoma appear? How are mycetomas characterised? What does it cause? Does it spread?
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Maduromycosis.
Like a grain. Pus production and presence of grains in tightly clumped colonies. Subcutaneous swelling which can prgoress to destroy muscles, fascia, tendons and bones. no, remains localised. |
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What are some infective causes of Eumycotic mycetoma?
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Madurella, Pseudallescheria, Exophiala, Acremonium, Leptosphaeria, Curvularia, Fusarium.
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What two distinct fungal morphologies may be seen in Chromoblastomycosis infections?
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Mycelia and sclerotic bodies.
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What are scelerotic bodies, as seen in Chromoblastomycosis?
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Thick-walled spherical cells.
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What does the initial lesion in Chromoblastomycosis look like? What occurs over time? What do they end up looking like?
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Small, elevated itchy patch, with new patches appearing over the months. Reddish-purple and hard. Over time results in cauliflower-like masses which may cover an entire limb resutling in disability.
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What three fungi groups (species of genera) cause chromoblastomycosis?
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Cladosporium carrionii, Fonsecaea and Phialophora.
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What form do Phaeohypomycosis fungi appear in infected tissue? What type of infection is it? What may it also be in certain situations? What does it infect in these situations?
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Mycelial form.
Subcutaenous. Opportunistic-nasal sinuses and brain. |
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What are the two fungi that most commonly cause the subsuctaneous form of Phaeohyphomycosis?
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Exophilia jeanselmei and Wangiella dermatitidis.
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What do the lesions of Phaemohyphomycosis appear like?
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Cysts, with an overlying warty appearance in immunocompromised patients.
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What is Sporotrichosis caused by? What form is at 37 deg? What form is it at 25 deg?
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Sporothrix schenckii.
Yeast. Mould. |
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What does Sporotrichosis cause? What may then occur?
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Causes nodular lesion that breaks down to cause a chronic ulcer. It may spread up lymphatic channels causing supprative abscesses that drain to surface via a sinus tract.
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What other microorganisms may cause lesions that resemble those of Sporotichosis?
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Mycobacterium marinum, Nocardia brasiliensis.
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