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13 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Blastomycosis |
Dimorphic fungus Mold - oval conidia Yeast - large, blastoconidia formation by budding --> humoral and cellular immune response shed in copious amounts to avoid macrophages --> ineffective T2 response Diagnosis: detection of yeast, thermal dimorphism, exoantigen testing |
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Coccidiomycosis |
Dimorphic fungus Inhalation of arthroconidia (mold phase resistant to phagocytes) In tissue: development of endospore-filled sperules Endospore --> urease --> alkalinization; ineffective killing Extracellular proteinases Estrogen-binding protein (pregnant - at risk) |
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Histoplasmosis |
Dimorphic fungus Thermally dimorphic - killing of yeast ineffective Hyaline mold at 25 deg C Intracellular budding yeast at 37 deg C Macrophages - primary host; modify pH of phagolysosome Diagnosis: hisotpathology, serology, ant/atb, culture |
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Candidiasis |
Opportunistic mycosis Risk: Low CD4+ cell count, Neutropenia, diabetes, pregnant Yeast form with buds or blastoconidia Pseudohyphae, true hyphae Phenotypic switching (yeast to hyphae) Proteinases and phospholipases Diagnosis: Microscope - KOH + calcofluor, Germ tube test Candida albicans - chlamydospores |
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Cryptococcosis |
Opportunistic mycosis Encapsulated, yeast-like basidiomycete Replication: single to multiple buds Melanin cell wall Soil, pigeon droppings Detection of capsular polysaccharide antigen |
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Aspergillosis |
Opportunistic mycosis Allergies, colonization, cutaneous, invasive, pulmonary Hyaline molds Branched septate hyphae Colonies with various colors Aerosolized conidia |
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Ascaris Lumbricoides |
Nematode (roundworm) Unfertilized Egg not infective Egg infective in moist soil Swallow infective eggs Larvae hatch in intestinal mucosa and travel to lungs Penetrate alveolar walls and go to throat, swallowed and adults are in small intestine |
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Ascaris Lumbricoides Clinical features and Diagnosis |
Clinical features: stunted growth, high # of worms, biliary duct occlusion, oral expulsion, pulmonary symptoms |
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Strongyloides stercoralis |
Nematode (roundworm) Life cycle in outside enviro Infective filariform larvae penetrates skin --> to lung and alveolar spaces --> to trachea and pharynx --> swallowed to small intestine to become adults Diagnosis of rhabditiform larvae in stool |
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Strongyloides stercoralis Clinical features and Diagnosis |
Pulmonary symptoms Heavy infection: ab pain, diarrhea, vomitting Peptic ulcer symptoms combined with peripheral eosinophilia Dermatologic syndromes Chronic infection --> hyperinfection syndrome |
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Taeniasis Taenia saginata or T. Solium |
Cestode (tapeworm) T. saginata - beef; T. solium - pork Oncospheres --> cysticerci in muscle of animal Ingested by human Adults produce proglottids --> migrate to anus --> into stool Eggs in proglottids are released after proglottids are passed with feces. Clinical features: Mild abdominal pain |
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Cysticercosis |
Cestode (tapeworm) Developed from T. Solium taeniasis Infection of humans with larval stages Ingestion of eggs or gravid proglottids in contaminated feces or autoinfection (reverse peristalsis) Oncospheres invade intestinal walls --> to muscle, brain, liver, eye --> cysticerci Clinical features: Spontaneous seizures |
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Schistosomiasis |
Trematode (fluke) Asexual reproduction in snail in water Cercariae released into water Penetrates skin Into portal blood in liver and mature into adults S. mansoni & S. japonicum - mesenteric venules in bowel/rectum S. haematobium - venous plexus of bladder Clinical features: chronic infection - granulomas and fibrosis in organs; squamous cell carcinoma of bladder |
