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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circadian synchronization
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When the person's sleep and wake patterns coincide with their biologic clock
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Circadian regularity begins when?
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Third week of life
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Infants are awake most often when?
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Early morning and late afternoon
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Infants enter the 24 hour cycle in which they sleep mostly at night when?
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4 months
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Infants sleep wake patterns are almost like those of adults when?
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6 months
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Sleep cycle is controlled by centers located where?
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Lower part of brain
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Most sleep at night is REM/NREM?
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NREM
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What symptoms occur during NREM?
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Decrease in BP, HR, CO; Peripheral vasodilitation, Skeletal muscles relax; ICP decreases
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Stage 1 NREM
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Very light sleep
Eyes roll from side to side Decrease HR, RR Can be readily awakened |
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Stage 1 REM
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Very close to waking
Some eye movement |
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Stage 2 NREM
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Light sleep
Eyes are still Decrease in temp |
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Which stage of the sleep cycle only lasts 10-15 mins but constitutes 40-45% of sleep?
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Stage 2 NREM
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Stage 3 NREM
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Not disturbed by sensory stimuli
Skeletal muscles very relaxed Reflexes are diminished |
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In which stage do we receive the most restorative sleep?
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Stage 4 NREM
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How often does REM occur?
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Every 90 minutes
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When does most dreaming occur?
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REM
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What are symptoms of REM sleep?
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Gastric secretions increase
HR & RR irregular Muscle tone decreases |
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How does depression affect sleep?
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Shorter REM stages
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What is the deepest level of sleep?
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Stage 4 REM
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Stage 5 REM
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Large voluntary muscles of the body are paralyzed
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In which stage is there an increase in HR & RR?
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Stage 5 REM
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Complete sleep cycle usually lasts?
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1.5 hours
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Infants sleep as long as..
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22 hours per day
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What wakes up an infant?
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Blood sugar drops
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Infants awaken how often?
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3-4 hours
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How much sleep does a toddler need?
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10-12 hours
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How much sleep do school age children need?
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8-12 hours
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How much sleep do young adults need?
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7-8 hours
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In a person with anxiety, what keeps them awake?
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Increase in epinephrine
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Alcohol has what affect on sleep?
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Disrupts REM sleep
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Elevated body temperatures can cause reductions in what stages of sleep?
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Stage 3 & 4 NREM and REM
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How do hypnotics affect sleep?
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Interfere with Stage 3 & 4 NREM
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How do beta blockers affect sleep?
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Cause insomnia and nightmares
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How do narcotics affect sleep?
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Suppress REM, cause frequent awakenings, cause drowsiness
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How do tranquilizers affect sleep?
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Interfere with REM
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Bruxism
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Grinding teeth
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What is the most common sleep disorder?
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Insomnia
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Three types insomnia
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Initial
Intermittent/maintenance Terminal |
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What data is collected during sleep assessment?
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Sleep history
sleep diary snoring sleep aids rested on awakening |
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Ineffective coping can be a nursing diagnosis for what?
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Sleep
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What is found in cheese & milk to induce sleep?
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L-tryptohonan
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3 components of sensory experience
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Reception
Perception Reaction |
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Reception begins when?
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Stimulation of receptor, nerve impulse travels along pathways to spind cord or brain
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Perceptions takes place when?
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When person becomes aware of stimuli and receives the information
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What does the reticular activating system do?
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Mediates all sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex
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Sensory defecit
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Deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception
Blind, deaf, cataracts |
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Sensory deprivation
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Inadequate quality or quantity of stimulation
Reduced sensory input, elemination of order or meaning from input, restriction of environment that produces monotony or boredom |
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Sensory overload
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Person receives multiple sensory stimuli and can not perceptually disregard or selectively ignore some stimuli
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Cultural care deprivation
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Failure to recognize and meet the client's cultural needs due to environmental factors
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African americans are prone to?
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Glaucoma
Astigmatism |
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Caucasians are prone to?
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Hearing impairment
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Mexican Americans are prone to?
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Diabetes
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Eskimos are prone to?
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Narrow angle glaucoma
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Native americans are prone to?
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Diabetes
Astigmatism Otitis media |
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Jewish americans more prone to?
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Myopia
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Persons at risk for peripheral nerve injury?
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Repetitive motions - computer programmer, manicurist, assembly line workers
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Nursing care delivery models
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Functional nursing, team nursing, total patient care, primary nursing, case management
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Decentralized decision making
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Requires workers to be empowered to accept greater responsiblity for the quality of client care provided
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Decentralized decision making focuses on what?
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Responsibility
Autonomy Authority Accountability |
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Quality of nursing care is defined under three sets of framework
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Professional standards
Care guidelines Outcomes |
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Passive health promotion activities
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Individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves
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Active health promotion activities
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Individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs
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Primary care
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Health promotion and specific protection
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Secondary care
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Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, disability limitations
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Tertiary level
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Restoration and rehabilitation
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What is the first step in health promotion, wellness education, and illness prevention activities?
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Identifying risk factors
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Prolotherapy
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Injecting an irritant solution into the body, generally in the region of tendons or ligaments
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Ambulatory surgery AKA
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Outpatient surgery
Short stay surgery Same day surgery |
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Ostomy
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Incision
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Ectomy
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Removal
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Anticholingergics
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Reduce secretions
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Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
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Dantrium
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Symptoms of anaphylaxis
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Hypotension, tachycardia, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema
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General anesthesia
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Unconscious state characterized by amnesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation
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Regional anesthesia
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Loss of sensation in a specific area or region of the body - injected
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Monitored anesthesia care
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Local anesthesia & IV drugs to provide sedation & systemic analgesia
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Conscious sedation/analgesia
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Tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining adequate cardio respiratory function & the ability to respond purposefully to verbal command
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Local anesthesia
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For minor procedures
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Who is responsible for setting up OR room?
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Circulating nurse and surgical tech
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Fast tracking
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Pt may be discharged as soon as they meet the requirements to leave the hospital
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In the initial assesment after surgery, always begin with..
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Airway
Breathing Circulation |
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Airway obstruction may be due to..
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Laryngospasm
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Atelectasis is caused by
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Retained secretions or decreased respiratory excursion
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Symptoms of bronchospasm
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Wheezing, dyspnea, accessory muscle, hypoxemia, tachypnea
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Bronchospasm are frequent with..
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COPD, asthma
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Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
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Acute tachypnea, dyspnea, hypotension, bloody sputum, chest pain, wheezing, anxiety, sweating, hypoxemia
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Symptoms of pneumonia
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SOB, crackles, cough, temperature, tachycardia, decreased 02 sat
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Most common cause of hypotension
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Loss of blood
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Hypothermia
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Temp less than 96.8
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Passive rewarming
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shivering
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Active rewarming
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Warm blankets
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Paralytic ileus
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No passage of food and the pt will vomit if they have eaten or drank much
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Exhibitionism
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Sexual excitment dervied by exposure of one's genitals to a stranger
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Fetishisms
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Sexual excitement derived by a nonliving object
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Frotteurism
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Sexual excitement derived by touching genitals against a non-consenting person in crowded places
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Pedophilia
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Sexual activity with prepubescent child
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Sexual masochism
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Sexual excitement derived from humiliation, restraints, spanking
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Sexual sadism
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Sexual excitement derived from the psychological/physical suffering of victim
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Voyeurism
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Sexual excitement from watching unsuspecting strangers who are naked
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Dyspareunia
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Pain with intercourse
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Effects of prostate cancer on sex life
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Loss of erectile ability
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Effects of hysterectomy on sex life
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Increased sexual responsiveness
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Effects of DM on sex life
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Erectile dysfunction
Painful intercourse r/t yeast infection |
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Effects of spinal cord injury on sex life
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Depends on level of injury whether ejaculation is affected
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How do alpha blockers affect sex life?
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Inability to ejaculate
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How do amphetamines affect sex life?
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Increase sex drive, delayed orgasm
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How do steroids affect sex life?
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Decreased sex drive, infertility
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How do anticonvulsants affect sex life?
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Decreased sex drive
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How do antidepressants affect sex life?
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Decreased orgasmic delay
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How do antipsychotics affect sex life?
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Decreased sex drive
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How do beta blockers affect sex life?
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Decreased sex drive
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How do antihistamines affect sex life?
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Decreased vaginal lubrication
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How do diuretics affect sex life?
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Decreased vaginal lubrication
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How do narcotics affect sex life?
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Decreased sex drive
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Vaginismus
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Muscle spasm of the lower 1/3 of vagina making insertion of penis painful
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PLISSIT
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P - permission
LI -limitations SS - specific suggestions T - therapy |
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BETTER
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B - bring up topic
E - explain sex is important T - tell client resources will be found T - timing E - educate regarding side effects R - record |
