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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ICF |
Intracellular fluid Water inside cell 2/3 volume of body fluids Protein, water, solutes High in K, Low in Na |
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ECF |
Extracellular fluid Water outside cells (in plasma and interstitial fluid High in Na, Low in K ECF loss = low BP, shock, death |
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What are the types of ECF |
Intravascular Interstitial |
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What is intravascular |
Part of ECF Fluid in whole blood (plasma, red blood cells, WBC, platelets) |
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Interstitial fluid |
Part of ECF Fluid between cells Excess fluid in interstitial fluid causes pitting edema |
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What is RAAS |
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System ECF regulated by RAAS Saves Na in kidneys -> increases fluid build up -> increases blood volume ->increases BP |
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Osmolality |
Proportion of dissolved particles in fluid Measures “pressure” or concentration of solutes in body fluids |
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ADH |
Antidiuretic hormone Made in hypothalamus Maintains similarity by adjusting amount of water excreted in urine This is also released by the brain if BP drops in an attempt to increase blood volume |
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Diffusion |
Movement of particles from: Greater conc. To lesser conc. To equalize |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water to an area: Lower conc. To high conc. This is how fluid is transported into and out of cells |
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What is the driving force in osmosis? |
Sodium |
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Active transport |
Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations Requires energy |
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Filtration |
When hydrostatic pressure pushes fluids and solutes through a permeable membrane so they can be excreted |
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Isotonic fluids |
Fluid with similar conc. Of solutes as blood 0.9% NS, LR - doesn't cause fluid movement *watch for fluid volume excess |
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Hypotonic fluids |
Fluid with lower conc. Of solutes than blood 0.45% NS, D5W water moves INTO cells and causes expansion Ex: used for severe dehydration (when body has lost water only w/o losing electrolytes) Watch for cerebral edema |
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Hypertonic fluids |
Fluid with higher conc. Of solutes than blood 3% NS, D10W water moves out of cells into blood stream causing cells to shrink/dehydrating cells Used for severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema |
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Symptoms of hyponatremia |
Low sodium Headache, confusion, coma Give hypertonic saline |
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Symptoms of hypernatremia |
High sodium Lethargy, irritability, seizures, weakness Give hypotonic fluids |
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Symptoms of hypokalemia |
Low potassium WALT: Weakness, arrhythmias, lethargy, thready pulse IV K |
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Symptoms of hyperkalemia |
High potassium Cardiac arrhythmias, cramping, diarrhea, irritability |
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Symptoms of hypocalcemia |
Low calcium Numbness, tingling, tetany |
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Symptoms of hypercalcemia |
High calcium N/V, constipation, increased thirst/urination |
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Symptoms of hypomagnesemia |
Low Mg level N/V, lethargy, weakness, leg cramps, arrhythmias |
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Symptoms of hypermagnesemia |
High Mg Muscle weakness, bradycardia, asystole, tremors, slowed reflexes |
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Normal pH value |
7.35-7.45 |
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Normal PaCO2 value |
35-45 |
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What is PaCO2? |
Acid regulated by lungs |
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Normal HCO3 value |
22-26 |
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What is HCO3 |
Bicarb Base regulated by kidneys |
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Minimum amount of urine output |
30mL/hr 1500mL/day |
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What assessment finding is consistent w/ respiratory acidosis? |
Rapid, shallow respirations |
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What assessment finding is consistent w/ respiratory acidosis? |
Rapid, shallow respirations |
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Patient w/ severe vomiting and diarrhea is at risk for what? |
Metabolic alkalosis |
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Patient with HF and fluid overload is at risk for what? |
Hyperkalemia |
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What to monitor for with a patient who requires nasogastric suctioning |
Metabolic alkalosis |
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hypovolemia |
loss of too much fluid or blood from intracellular space (blood loss - trauma/surgery) |
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hypervolemia |
too much fluid in extracellular space liver failure, pregnancy, heart failure |
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osmolality vs osmolarity |
osmolaLity: weight osmolaRity: volume |
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Fluid regulation |
Brain and kidneys thirst mechanism 1500ml urine/day *30cc/hr UOP |
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Respiratory Acidosis |
low and slow RR snoring trick - accccccid sleep apnea head trauma "knocked out" post op zzzzzzzz CNS depressants - opioid overdose/alcohol intoxication/benzos pneumonia/COPD/asthma attack |
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Respiratory Alkalosis |
panic attack hyperventilation - losing all acid |
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Metabolic Acidosis |
diarrhea (comes out of your ACCCCID) renal failure (if kidney fails, acid prevails) DKA (acidosis) |
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Metabolic Alkalosis |
vomiting OUT NGT suctioning |
