Fundementals Of Nursing: Nutrition

Front 1

Infant nutritional needs

Back 1

Birth - 1 year of age is period of rapid growth. Nutritional needs are greater than at any other time Weight doubles in 4 - 6 mo. & triples by 1 year of age. Length increases 50% in the first year. Iron stores present at birth depleted between 3 & 4 mo.

Front 2

Toddlers and Preschoolers Nutritional needs

Back 2

Growth rate slows. Mobility, autonomy, & coordination increase, muscle mass &bone density. 3- 5-yr-old also develops attitudes toward food. Can feed themselves, verbalize food likes &dislikes, use food to manipulate Appetite decreases/becomes erratic.

Front 3

School-Aged Children
The 6- to 12-year-old child nutritional needs

Back 3

Individualized, erratic Socialization & independence increase. Body accumulates reserves for the upcoming adolescent growth spurt.
Focus balanced foods of high nutritional value.

Front 4

Adolescents nutritional needs

Back 4

Rapid physical, emotional, social, & sexual maturation. Growth spurt can occur begins different ages/sex. Intense psychosocial growth, family conflict, social and peer pressure. Childhood nutrition problems often worsen during adolescence.

Front 5

Adults Pregnant and Lactating Women

Back 5

Growth ceases/decline in the BMR with each decade. pressures of work and family may lead to a decline in physical activity & exercise.
Fewer calories required because of the decrease in BMR.

Front 6

Pregnant and Lactating Women nutritional needs

Back 6

Increased nutrient needs during pregnancy nessecary for support growth & maintain homeostasis. 2nd & 3rd trimesters.require approx. 300 extra cal.per day Higher needed calories for lactation than pregnancy, nutritional quality of breast milk determined by maternal intake.

Front 7

Older Adults nutritional needs

Back 7

Decreases in BMR and physical activity & loss of lean body mass, energy expenditure decreases. Decrease in peristalsis can result in constipation. Loss of taste begins between 55 - 59 yrs Sensation of thirst decreases. Degenerative diseases/medications are more common with aging. Social isolation, self-esteem, or loss of independence to affect nutritional intake negatively.

Front 8

Influence of gender on nutritional needs

Back 8

Men differ from women in their nutrient requirements due to differences in body composition and reproductive function. Their larger muscle mass translates into higher caloric and protein requirements (and therefore slightly higher needs for B vitamins that metabolize calories and protein)

Front 9

Influence of Alcohol Abuse on nutritional needs

Back 9

The toxic effect of alcohol on the intestinal mucosa interferes with normal nutrient absorption; requirements increase as the efficiency of absorption decreases. Need for B vitamins increases because they are used to metabolize alcohol. Impairing nutrient storage, increases nutrient catabolism, and increasing nutrient excretion.

Front 10

Influence of Medication on nutritional needs

Back 10

Nutrient absorption may be altered by drugs that (1) change the pH of the GI tract, (2) increase GI motility, (3) damage the intestinal mucosa, or (4) bind with nutrients, rendering them unavailable to the body. Nutrient metabolism can be altered by drugs that (1) act as nutrient antagonists, (2) alter the enzyme systems that metabolize nutrients, or (3) alter nutrient degradation. Some drugs alter the renal reabsorption of nutrients and therefore may increase or decrease nutrient excretion.

Front 11

Influence of Megadoses of Nutrient Supplements on nutritional needs

Back 11

Some nutrients compete against each other for absorption, an excess of one nutrient can lead to a deficiency. Exp. zinc & copper.

Front 12

Nutritional Assessment Considerations for Older Adults*
Biochemical Data

Back 12

Low serum albumin level (below 3.5 mg/dL) may be a reflection of the aging process rather than a nutritional risk factor. Albumin synthesis declines with age.
Hemoglobin levels that are lower than normal may only reflect anemia observed in elderly people as part of the aging process.

Front 13

Which intervention would be most helpful in stimulating an appetite?
a. Administering pain medication after meals
b. Encouraging food from home when possible
c. Scheduling his respiratory therapy before each meal
d. Reinforcing the importance of his eating exactly what is delivered to him

Back 13

b.
Food from home that the patient enjoys may stimulate him to eat. Pain medication (a) should be given before meals, respiratory therapy (c) should be scheduled after meals, and telling the patient what he must eat (d) is no guarantee that he will comply.

Front 14

When teaching a patient about the current MyPyramid Food Guide?
a. Meat and dairy products are located at the peak.
b. All food groups are equally emphasized.
c. Consumption of nutrient dense foods is promoted.
d. The Pyramid focuses on deficiencies in our diet.

Back 14

c.
The broad bases at the bottom of the pyramid represent nutrient-dense foods that should make up the bulk of the diet.

Front 15

A nasogastric tube inserted for feeding purposes. Using the stomach as a reservoir for food is advantageous in preventing what complication?
a. Dumping syndrome
b. Duodenal ulcers
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Gastric ulcers

Back 15

a.
When the stomach is used as a reservoir, the formula is released at a controlled rate, preventing the occurrence of the dumping syndrome.