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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theory of Psychoanalytic Development: Sigmund Freud
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Instinctual human drives on behavior: sexuality, which he called libido
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Four major components of Freud's theory are:
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the unconscious mind
the id the ego the superego |
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Freud's unconscious mind
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contains memories, motives, fantasies, and fears that are not accessible to recall but that directly affect behavior.
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Freud's id
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The id is the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means.
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Freud's ego
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The ego is the conscious part of the mind that serves as a mediator between the desires of the id and the constraints of reality so that one might live effectively within one's social, physical, and psychological environment. The ego includes one's intelligence, memory, problem solving, separation of reality from fantasy, and incorporation of experiences and learning into future behavior
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Freud's superego
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The superego is the part of the mind that represents one's conscience and develops from the ego during the first year of life, as the child learns praise versus punishment for actions. The superego represents the internalization of rules and values so that socially acceptable behavior is practiced.
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Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget
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Learning occurs as a result of internal organization of an event, (mental schema) & serves as a base for further growth. Intellectual growth is a restructuring of knowledge involving; assimilation - process of integrating new experiences into existing schemata, & accommodation - alteration of existing thought processes to manage more complex. Occurs in 4 stages
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Theories of Psychosocial Development Robert J. Havighurst
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Living & growing are based on learning, people must continuously learn to adjust. Developmental tasks occur at certain periods in life. Maturation, personal motives, & values determine occupational & civic responsibility.
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Theories of Psychosocial Development Daniel Levinson and Associates
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“individual life structure.” The pattern of life at any point in time is formed by the interaction of: self (values, motives), social & culture/role. Life change beleieved to cause reorganization of structure.
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Theories of Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg |
Closely follow Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Morality influenced by culture, caregiver & child communications. Morality is a subset of a person's values & governs choices. Rules/regulations are challenged as a person either accepts or rejects
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Theory of Faith Development: James Fowler
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Based on Piaget, Kohlberg, & Erikson. Faith is a person's way of seeing him or herself in relation to others against shared meaning & purpose.
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Incorporating Principles and Theories of Growth and Development
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General guidelines for incorporating principles and theories of growth and development and family dynamics into daily practice of nursing care are listed below. They are provided as suggestions for working with patients of all ages
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Havighurst defined a developmental task of the adolescent as
a. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty b. Taking on civic responsibility c. Accepting one's body and using it effectively d. Taking on civic responsibility |
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The correct response is c. The adolescent must learn to accept his or her body and use it effectively. |
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Based on Piaget's theory, children between the ages of 2 and 7 years use play to
a. Classify objects based on characteristics b. Understand life events and relationships c. Relate own enjoyment of random behaviors d. Incorporate the perspective of others |
b. Children ages 2 to 7 years are in the preoperational stage, and use play to help understand life events and relationships
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Moral development as defined in Kohlberg's theory is initially influenced by
a. Parent–child communications b. Societal rules and regulations c. Social and religious rules d. One's beliefs and values |
a. Moral development in the young child results from communications as the child tries to please his or her parents.
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