Fundaments Exam 4

Front 1

Capsule

Back 1

Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container, may also be called liquigel.

Front 2

Elixer

Back 2

Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor.

Front 3

Enteric coated

Back 3

A tablet or pill coated to prevent stomach irritation

Front 4

Extended Release

Back 4

Preparation of a medication that allows for slow and continuous release over a predetermined period also called CR, CRT, SR, SA, LA, TR

Front 5

Liniment

Back 5

Medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soap which is rubbed on the skin

Front 6

Lotion

Back 6

drug particles in a solution for topical use

Front 7

Ointment

Back 7

Semisolid preparation containing a drug to be applied externally; also called an unction

Front 8

pill

Back 8

Mixture of a powdered dug with a cohesive material; may be round or oval

Front 9

Powder

Back 9

single or mixture of finely ground drugs

Front 10

Solution

Back 10

A drug dissolved in another substance

Front 11

Suppository

Back 11

An easily melted medication preparation in a firm base such as gelatin that is inserted into the body (rectum, vagina, urethra)

Front 12

Suspension

Back 12

Finely divided, undissolved partivles in a liquid medium; should be shaken before use

Front 13

Syrup

Back 13

Medication combined in a water and sugar solution

Front 14

Tablet

Back 14

Small, solid dose of medication, compressed or molded; may be any color, size, or shape

Front 15

Transdermal patch

Back 15

Unit dose of medication applied directly to skin for diffusion through skin and absorption in to the bloodstream

Front 16

Subcutaneous Injections (equipment)

Back 16

25-30 gauge, 3/8 to 1 inch. 3/8 and 5/8 most commonly used.

Front 17

Subcutaneous Injections (Procedure)

Back 17

45-90 Degrees 3/8=90 degrees 5/8=45 degrees. USUALLY no more than 1mL of solution is given.

Front 18

Intramuscular Injections

Back 18

deliever medication through the skin and subcutaneous tissue into certain muscles

Front 19

Intramuscular Injections (sites)

Back 19

Infant=vastus lateralis
Toddlers/children- vastus lateralis/deltoid
Adults=ventrogluteal/deltoid

Front 20

Intramuscular Injections( equipment)

Back 20

Aqueous solution= 20-25 Gauge.... Oil based solution 18-25 Gauge.

Front 21

Intramuscular Injections (procedure)

Back 21

GENERALLY 1-4 mL is accepted volume range. Deltoid= no more then 1-2 mL Children/Elderly 1-2 mL
72-90 Degrees

Front 22

z track technique

Back 22

is recommended for all IM injections to ensure medication does not leak back along the needle track and into the cubcutaneous tissue

Front 23

Subcutaneous Injections

Back 23

are administered into the adipose tissue layer just below the epidermis and dermis

Front 24

7 Rights

Back 24

1- medication 2-pt 3-dosage 4-route 5-time 6-reason 7-documentation

Front 25

Two ways to Identify a Pt

Back 25

1- check ID bracelet 2- also ask pt to state his/her name if possible.

Front 26

Pharmacology

Back 26

study that deals with chemicals affects the body's function

Front 27

Generic Name

Back 27

identifies the drugs active ingrediants assigned by the manufacter that 1st developed the drug

Front 28

5 carious Health care Professionals

Back 28

Physician, Mid-level Provider, RN, LPN, pharmacist

Front 29

Offical Name

Back 29

name by which the drug is identified in the official publications

Front 30

Trade Name

Back 30

Proprietary name is selected by the drug company that sells the drug and is protected by trademark.

Front 31

Prototype Drugs

Back 31

are individual drugs that are often the first drug of a particular group tp ne developed. Ex. Morphine is this of opioid analgesics.

Front 32

Drug Classifications

Back 32

1-effects on the body 2-therapeutic use 3-chemical composition

Front 33

Schedule 1 drugs

Back 33

are not approved for medical use and have high abuse potentials

Front 34

Schedule 2 drugs

Back 34

are used medically and have high abuse potentials...ex. oploid

Front 35

Schedule 3 drugs

Back 35

less potential for abuse than those in 1 & 2, but may lead to psychological or physical dependence. Ex..Steroids

Front 36

Schedule 4 drugs

Back 36

some potential for abuse: Benzo

Front 37

Schedule 5 drugs

Back 37

Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. Ex antidiarrheal drugs

Front 38

Pharmacodynamics

Back 38

the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body

Front 39

Pharmacokinetics

Back 39

is the movement of drugs molecules in teh body in relation to the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Front 40

Receptior theory of drug action ( Lock and Key)

Back 40

drugs bind to specific receptors located on cell surfaces

Front 41

Nonreceptor drug actions

Back 41

drugs that do not act on receptor sites (very few drugs act this way)

Front 42

Drug related variables

Back 42

Dosage, route of administratioin, drug-diet interactions, drug-drug interactions

Front 43

Patient-related variables

Back 43

age, body weight, genetic and ethnic characteristics, gender, pathologic conditions, psychological considerations, tolerance, cross-tolerance

Front 44

Adverse Effects of Drugs( CNS)

Back 44

sleppiness, tremors

Front 45

Adverse Effects of Drugs(GI)

Back 45

constipation, diahrea, nausea

Front 46

Adverse Effects of Drugs ( Hematologic effects)

Back 46

blood cells

Front 47

Adverse Effects of Drugs (Hepatic)

Back 47

Decreased liver function

Front 48

Adverse Effects of Drugs (Nephrotoxicity)

Back 48

Decreased kidney function

Front 49

Adverse Effects of Drugs (hypersensitivity/allergy)

Back 49

itching, difficulty breathing

Front 50

Adverse Effects of Drugs (idiosyncrasy)

Back 50

aren't expected to fall into other categories

Front 51

Adverse Effects of Drugs (drug Dependence)

Back 51

takes some people less time (could be psycohological)

Front 52

Adverse Effects of Drugs (carcinogenicity)

Back 52

cause cancer

Front 53

Adverse Effects of Drugs (teratogenicity)

Back 53

effecting developing fetus

Front 54

Three Checks

Back 54

check the right medication! check with MAR! Checl again befoer putting back in cabinet!

Front 55

Maintaining a safe enviroment

Back 55

good lighting, maintaining security of medication prep areas, avoid distractions and interruptions.

Front 56

Pregnancy Categories
Category A

Back 56

Adequate studies in pregnant women demonstrate no risk to the fetus

Front 57

Pregnancy Categories
Category B

Back 57

Animal studies indicate no risk to the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women; or animal studies show adverse effects, but adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated risk

Front 58

Pregnancy Categories
Category C

Back 58

A potential risk, usually because animal studies have either not been performed or have indicated adverse effects, and there are no data from human studies. These drugs may be used when potential benefits outweigh the potential risk.

Front 59

Pregnancy Categories
Category D

Back 59

There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits to the mother may be acceptable despite the potential risk

Front 60

Pregnancy Categories
Category E

Back 60

Studies in animals or humans or adverse reaction reports or both have demonstrated fetal abnormalities; the risk of use in pregnant women clearly outweigh any possible benefit.

Front 61

MEC

Back 61

Minimum Effective Concentration

(Drug)

Front 62

Caplet

Back 62

Compressed powder or granulated drug with a smooth outer coating. Resembles a capsule, easier for patient to swallow than tablets.

Front 63

Gel or Magma

Back 63

A viscous supension of mineral precipitates in water. The mixture tends to separate when left standing and must be shaken before administration.
Milk of Magnesia

Front 64

Oils

Back 64

Viscous, greasy oils that are insoluble in water. Oils may be drugs themselves or be used as vehicles for dissolving drugs.
Castor oil (drug) and Pitressin in oil (vehicle)

Front 65

Tincture

Back 65

Extracts of drugs dissolved in alcohol. SOmetimes water is added, but a tincture is more potent than an elixir. Used for both oral and topical administrations. Care must be taken to distinguish between the two