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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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albuterol (Proventil)
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sympathomimetic amine
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theophylline (aminophylline)
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methyl xanthine
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beclomethasone (Vanceril)
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inhaled steroid
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levalbuterol HCL (Xopenex)
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B2 specific, metabolized slowly
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atropine sulfate
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parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)
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dornase-alfa (Dnase)
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mucolytic
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ipratropium (Atrovent)
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parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)
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tiamcionolone (Azmacort)
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anti-inflammatory
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racemic epinephrine (Vaponefrin)
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decongestant
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pentamidine (Pentam)
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antimicrobial
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Increases in bronchodilation which result from the administration of aerosolized bronchodilators are primarily a result of which of the following?
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Beta-2 response only.
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Vasodilation which occurs in any tissue reduces the size of the inner lumen and reduces the flow of air, such as in nasal passages. A medication which is used to treat this condition usually works through which of the following mechanisms?
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decongestion (an alpha effect)
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Mechanisms through which airway patency is improved by bronchoactive (bronchodilator) drugs include which of the following?
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-relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
-control reduction of secretions. -reduction/prevention of airway mucosal edema. |
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The general indication for SRT (Surfactant Replacement Therapy) is which of the following?
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to treat infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
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Assessment features for evaluating pt response to bronchodilator therapy?
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-reversibility of airflow obstruction
-changes in flow rates using a peak flow meter or portable spirometry. -vital sign changes(e.g.BP, HR) -pts. subjective response or reaction to TX. |
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Mucomyst lowers the viscosity of mucus by means of
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-substituting its sulfhydryl group for disulfide bonds and breaking a portion of the bond forming the gel structure.
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Indications for SRT include which of the following?
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-Meconium aspiration syndrome
-Infants with RDS -Severe pneumonia -Pulmonary hemorrhage |
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Corticosteroids can block both the initial immune response and subsequent inflammatory process and are therefore a mainstay of treatment for allergic asthma. The actions of corticosteroids include which of the following?
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-blocking or diminishing the late phase asthma responses.
-remove circulatory lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. -enhancing the responsiveness of the B-receptors. |
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Indications for aerosolized administration of dornase alfa?
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-management of cystic fibrosis.
-reduction of the frequency of exacerbations due to respiratory infections. |
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Pentamidine is indicated for the tx of which of the following diseases?
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Pneumocystis carinii
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Which of the following is the usual neurotransmitter in the sympathetic system?
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acetylcholine
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Pressure Control
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primary setting for Vt (Tidal volume)
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Air-Mix Control
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determines FiO2 ranges
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Sensitivity Control
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determines starting effort
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Inspiratory flow control
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regulates inspiratory time.
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terminal flow control
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compensates for small leaks.
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The tidal volume delivered during IPPB and other methods of hyperinflation therapy:
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should be greater than the normal tidal volume for that pt.
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Sensitivity control on an IPPB machine initiates inspiration. What causes the machine cycle into exhalation (turn off) under normal conditions?
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A tidal volume equal to the pt's normal value is delivered.
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Hyperinflation therapy includes which of the following methods?
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-IPPB
-Incentive spirometry -Deep breathing exercise |
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Primary goal of Incentive Spirometry is:
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to prevent atelectasis; especially in postoperative patients.
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Incentive Spirometry, as opposed to IPPB should be used when:
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-Vital capacity is >15ml/kg
-IC is one-third of predicted |
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Indications for use of PAP, Positive Airway Pressure, adjuncts include which of the following?
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-reduce air trapping in pts with asthma and/or COPD.
-to reverse or prevent atelectasis. -to help mobilize retained secretions. |
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Best describes PEP therapy?
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Expiration against a variable flow resistance.
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Considered positive outcomes of PEP therapy?
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-Increased sputum production
-resolution of hypoxemia. -diminished breath sounds can become adventitious breath sounds that can be auscultated over the large airways. |
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Lung Expansion therapy most physiologically normal?
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Incentive Spirometry
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Which outcome would indicate improvement in a patient previously diagnosed with atelectasis receiving incentive spirometry?
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-improved PaO2.
-decreased RR -improved chest radiograph. |
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Goals of bronchial hygienne:
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-help mobilize retained secretions.
-improve pulmonary gas exchange. -reduces WOB (work of breathing) |
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During therapy patient undergoes desaturation, what would you recommend to manage this problem?
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Increase FiO2 during therapy.
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All would indicate a successful outcome for postural drainage therapy:
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-normalization in ABGs .
-Improved BS -improvement in chest radiograph. |
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Charted after completing a postural drainage treatment?
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-amount and consistency of sputum produced.
-patient tolerance of procedure. -position used including time in position. -any negative effects observed. |
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How does positive expiratory pressure (PEP) help to move secretions into larger airways?
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-filling underaerated segments through collateral ventilation.
-preventing airway collapse during expiration. |
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Chest film for detecting small amounts of pleural fluid?
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Lateral decubitus
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radiographs are used to
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-determine appropriate therapy.
- evaluate effectiveness of tx. -detect alterations of the lungs caused by pathologic processes. |
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Nuclear medicine
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A medical specialty that uses radiopharmaceuticals which are radioactive material for diagnosis, therapy and research.
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Unique about PET scan
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the ability to evaluate the metabolic rate of certain tissue cells that may be cancerous.
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Computed tomography can be a useful tool in all of the following:
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diagnosing empyema
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Radiologic assessment most definitive in evaluating thromboembolic diseases of the lung
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CTA
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When viewing a post-intubation CXR you notice the ET tube is located in the R mainstem bronchus. Which measure should you take?
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Pull back the tube, listen for bilateral breath sounds, tape it in place and get another CXR for tube placement.
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Which of the following clinical or CXR findings is consistent with CHF?
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Pedal edema
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What pulmonary chest radiograph often "lag behind" the clinical status of the pt?
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pneumonia
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What is indicated by rounding of the costophrenic angles seen on the posteroanterior or lateral chest film?
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excess pleural fluid
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What term is used to describe the shadows seen on the chest film when the alveoli fill with pus, fluid, or blood?
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infiltrates
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Findings on a chest film is most consistent with the pulmonary edema seen with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
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bilateral patchy infiltrates or edema
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While suctioning an abrupt change in the EKG waveform being displayed on the cardiac monitor. What do you do?
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Stop suctioning and immediately administer oxygen.
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You can limit complications associated with the suction procedure by:
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-pre and post oxygenation
-apply for 15 secs or less -set the suction vacuum between -80 and -120mmHg |
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Blade that directly lifts the epiglottis.
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Miller blade
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curved MacIntosh
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insert blade into vallecula, laryngoscope is lifted pulled forward and the vocal cords are visualized.
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Best way to limit tube movement in tracheotomy:
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Switch from t-tube to tracheostomy collar.
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Maximum pressure for tracheal cuff pressure to prevent ventilator acquired pneumonias (VAPS)?
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25-30mmHg
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Serious complications of oral intubations:
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-cardiac arrest
-acute bradycardia -acute hypoxemia |
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Tracheostomy tubes are the most satisfactory artificial airways because:
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-they cause less resistance to airway flow.
- easy attachment of respiratory equipment -the pt. can eat. |
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Immediate complications associated with a tracheostomy occur less than 1% of the time. Late hazards include:
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-tracheal necrosis
-tracheo esophageal fistula -hemorrhage |
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Cuff on tracheostomy tube should be inflated in which of the following instances, in a pt receiving continuous mechanical ventilation?
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at all times
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