Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Homeostasis |
Balance |
|
|
Hypothalamus |
Body's thermostat - regulates temp
normal temp is 96.5-99.5 |
|
|
Temperature regulating mechanisms |
Changes in circulation (vasodilation and constriction) Shiver Sweat |
|
|
How does the body lose heat |
skin --radiation & conduction, convection, sweating
respiratory tract - exhaled water vapor evaporates
urinary tract
digestive tract |
|
|
The reason your client might need a sheet over them when they lay down for treatment |
f |
|
|
Afferent |
conduct sensory info from PNS to spinal cord and brain |
|
|
Efferent |
conduct motor.. |
|
|
Heat exchange |
conduction convection radiation conversion (change energy from one form to another)... |
|
|
Therapeutic heat |
temp difference - between heat agent and tissue time of exposure quality of conductivity of heat agent intensity of heat agent |
|
|
Superficial deep heating agent |
hot pack, fluidotherapy machine |
|
|
Deep heating agent |
ultrasound
phonophoresis |
|
|
tissue types |
adipose - insulates, limiting change of temp
blood & muscle - high water content so absorbs and conduct heat quickly |
|
|
physiological effects |
x |
|
|
mild heat |
less than 104 degrees (not therapeutic) |
|
|
vigorous heat |
104-113 degrees heat of modality may need to be higher that 113 to achieve 113 in tissue
hotpack machine 165-175 degrees |
|
|
dangerous heat |
greater than 113 |
|
|
How does heat work |
heat increases blood flow -> vasodilation->...
heat is contraindicated for inflamation because vasodilation has already occurrred |
|
|
Contrast Bath |
warm then cold then warm then cold
alternate vasoconstriction and dilation to REDUCE SWELLING |
|
|
electrotherapy
NEMS |
x |
|
|
electrotherapy
TENS |
c |
|
|
electrotherapy
iontophoresis |
infuses medication into skin through patch
use electricity to push medication through the skin |
|
|
Contraindicated for pacemaker |
electrotherapy |
|
|
low level laser and light therapy |
f |
|
|
are muscles affected by hotpacks |
yes, depends on how deep the muscle is |
|
|
Cannot put hot pack directly on bare skin |
r |
|
|
metabolic rate |
r |
|
|
contraindicated for accute inflamation |
heat |
|
|
purpose of a PAM |
preparatory method - not OT
dec pain, inc ROM, help reach functional goals |
|
|
Goal is to inc ROM |
heat helps make muscle more stretchy |
|
|
Goal is to dec muscle spasm or guarding |
heat helps... |
|
|
Muscle relaxation |
indirect reduction... |
|
|
Goal is to inc tissue extensibility |
heat inc elastic properties of connective tissue
heat should be applied during stretch
|
|
|
Best type of stretch |
low load prolonged not high load brief (bounce)
less tissue damage... |
|
|
cold therapy |
cryotherapy
cold packs, cool whirlpool, ice massage, cold or ice bath
works by causing superficial and eventually reflex vasoconstriction, enough cooled blood flows through body stimulating the hypothalamus to restrict blood flow in systemic circulation |
|
|
goals in tx cold |
-reduce pain -reduce muscle spasm: dec. muscle spindle firing -reduce inflammation: dec vascular response |
|
|
difference between edema and inflammation |
edema is long term, inflammation is short term |
|
|
cold and compression together |
dec edema dec pain
inc ROM
Edema in hand, TKA |
|
|
why does cold reduce pain |
elevate pain threshold
counterirritant, lessen pain sensation by stimulating thermal receptors
anelgesic
guarding |
|
|
anelgesic vs anesthetic |
anelgesic takes away pain message to brain |
|
|
cryotherapy guidelines |
patient positioning to catch water from melting ice, explain to patient, encourage questions and feedback- ask is it too cold? visual inspection-is their arm turning blue? |
|
|
cryotherapy precautions |
sensory deficits thermoregulatory problems comprimised circulation hypersensitive blood pressure increase pregnancy heart disease, CHF |
|
|
cryotherapy contraindications |
cold urticaria - local and systemic ALLERGIC TO COLD - hives upon exposure, facial flushing, drop in BP, inc HR, syncope
Raynauds Disease pallor, cyanosis, numbness and tingling in extremities when cold, triggered by stress, cold, caffeine - hypersensitive defense mechanism against cold |
|
|
select heat or cold |
cold numbs - can dec pain and inc ROM that was diminished by pain heat relaxes - improve visoelastic... |
|
|
muscle guarding |
heat or cold start with het, if no change the try cold |
|
|
acute injuries |
cold only, eat can worsen inflammatory process |
|
|
chronic edema nad inflammation |
heat can increase blood flow |
|
|
**tips for documentation |
document what we did (intervention) and patient's response
include details so other therapist can replicate - location, duration, size
document what we can do now BECAUSE of the PAM |
