Fundamentals Of Tissue: Epithelial, Connective And Supporting Tissues

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Squamous

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flat, many-sided cells with centrally located nucleus

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Cuboidal

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squarish cells with centrally located nucleus

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Columnar

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cells composed of two or more layers of cells

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Simple

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composed of one layer of cells

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Stratified

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composed of two or more layers of cells

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Glandular Epithelium

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are cells that invaginated into the underlying lamina propria

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Acini

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spherical group, specialized for secretion

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Unicellular gland

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one-celled gland that secretes mucous, solitary cell which appears cup-shaped resulting from accumulation of mucoid secretion

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Multicellular glands

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this gland is made up of many cells

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Serous

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These cells are columnar, cytoplasm is acidophilic and granular

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Mucous

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These cells are cuboidal, cytoplasm is basophilic

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Neuro-epithelium

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composed of pseudo-stratified epithelium specialized to receive sensations

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Retina

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design for vision

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Organ for Corti

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design for hearing

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Ampulla Crista Ampullaris

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function for equilibration

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Olfactory cells

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design for smell

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Surface epithelium

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This structure is for surface modification of the epithelium

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Microvilli

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submicroscopic filaments projecting from the superficial layer of the cytoplasm

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Striated border

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composed of many extremely thin, short, uniform and closely packed protoplasmic projections

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Brush border

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short processes which are irregulary arranged as cuboidal cells seen in the kidneys

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stereo cilia

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very elongated, non-motile hair like processes

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cilia

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hairlike processes with basal corpuscles

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Gap junctions

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small channels that allow materials to cross the epithelial layers

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Connective tissues

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serve to connect, give support and anchor part to the body and organs; developed from mesoderm where cells unite to make a network.

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Hyaluronic acid

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present in many connective tissues; has the capacity to bind water and is an important factor for the changes in viscosity and permeability of the ground substance in the tissue

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Supporting Tissue

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includes bones and cartilages

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Vascular Tissue

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includes blood and lymph

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Fibroblast

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most common and numerous in all types of connective tissues; large, flat, branching with many processes; are active during tissue injury and repair forming fibers

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Plasma Cells

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small round or irregular in shape; nucleus is eccentric with coarse chromatin forming "spoke of the wheel" pattern; actual formers of circulating antibodies.

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Mast Cells

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large, polyhedral or flattened cells with small nuclei, numerous along the blood vessel beds; motile but slow-moving and forms heparin and serotonin

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Macrophages

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or Histlocytes, irregulary shaped cells with short processes and smaller nuclei; phagocytic in inflammatory conditions

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Pigment cells

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elongated cells with short irregular outgrowths which cytoplasm contained granules of melanin; formed from melanoblasts

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Undifferentiated mesenchyme

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cells are similar but smaller to fibroblasts; found along blood vessels

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Adipose cells

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large brilliant spherical cells, "fat cells"

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Blood cells

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main component found in tissue spaces; these are neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil which move in and out of the tissue

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Collagenous

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white fibers, most common type of fiber which posses little elasticity but high tensile strength

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Fibrillae

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bundles of fine wavy fibrils which are cemented together

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Elastic

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yellow fibers, homogenous straight and stretchable, resistant to acid and composed of the protein called elastin

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Reticular fibers

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similar to white fibers, on boiling yeilds reticulin; believed to be immature forms of white fibers

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Embryonal and Adult Tissue Proper

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Two types of connective tissue proper

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Mesenchyme

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called packing or filling tissue in the embryo from mesodermal cells migrating to spaces between germ layers.

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Mucous

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ground substance rich in mucin

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Areolar/Loose connective tissue

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irregulary arranged tissue that serves as packing tissue in adult between organs and other tissues

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Reticular tissue

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forms a network that serves as a supporting framework to lungs, liver, kidneys, marrow, bone, spleen, etc.

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Lymphoid Tissue

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common variety lf reticular tissue, for protection, hemopoeisis, and filtration of tissue fluid and lymph.

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Adipose tissue

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abundant in fat cells

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Dense Fibrous tissue

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collagenous fibers are the predominating fibers in the tissue spaces, appears silver white

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Tendons

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muscle to bone

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Ligaments

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helps hold bones together at joints

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Aponeurosis

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connects muscle or the periosteum to the bones

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Membranes

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investing and protecting organs all over the body

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Fasciae

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bands that wraps around muscles and hold them in place

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Superficial and Deep Fasciae

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Two types of Fasciae

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Dense elastic tissue

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elastic fiber that predominates in the tissue space which runs parallel to each other

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Cartilage

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sometimes called gristle, firm and tough also flexible, called chindriocytes

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Hyaline Cartilage

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type of cartilage, referred as skeletal or embryonic cartilage, bluish to white appearance, forms a matrix where most bones are developed

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Fibrous Cartilage

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type of cartilage is pervaded with heavy collagenous fibers

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Elastic Cartilage

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type of tissue wherein the intercellular matrix is pervaded with elastic fibers together woth cartilage cells

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Bones

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their cells are called osteocytes

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Long, short, flat, irregular bones

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Shape and size of bones

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Compact or Spongy

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Histologic texture of bones

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Cancellous

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or spongy, this has bigger cavities and is interior of the bone tissue

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Dense

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or compact, appears as a continous hard mass, has fewer spaces and is exterior to the bone tissue

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Membrane

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origin: develops directly from mesenchyme of the embryo forming membrane e.g flat bone of skull

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Cartilage

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Origin: develops from mesenchyme passing through a performed cartilage model e.g long bones

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Intra-membranous Ossification

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Back (Definition)

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Intracartilagenous Ossification

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Back (Definition)

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Back (Definition)