Fundamentals Of Nursing Exam 4

Front 1

What are minerals?

Back 1

Inorganic chemical compounds in the human body that act as catalysts to start/stop/slow/speed chemical reactions in the body.

Front 2

What do minerals do?

Back 2

Build and repair body structures (bones/teeth, skin/mucous membranes, nerves, connective tissues, sensory organs).

Front 3

What are the 7 Major Minerals?

Back 3

Calcium and Phosphorus,
Sodium and Chloride,
Potassium and Magnesium,
Sulfur

Front 4

The function of Calcium.

Back 4

Builds dense bones and teeth,
binds with phosphorus,
requires vitamin D as a catalyst,
requires weight-bearing exercise,
immobility can reverse bone density.

Front 5

Which major mineral acts as a clotting factor?

Back 5

Calcium

Front 6

Which diseases may cause calcium loss?

Back 6

Diseases of the parathyroid gland, becasue it is regulated by the parathyroid gland.

Front 7

Which type of exercise is not weight-bearing?

Back 7

Swimming. Examples of weight-bearing exercises include walking, running, weight-lifting.

Front 8

Too much Phosphorus causes what problem?

Back 8

Kidney Stones

Front 9

Name 2 Food sources for Calcium

Back 9

Milk
cheese
green leafy vegetables

Front 10

What major mineral is the leading cause of fatal poisoning in children?

Back 10

Iron (Fe)

Front 11

What is the function of Phosphorus?

Back 11

Builds bones and teeth (with Ca).
Regulates pH level of the blood (important for infection control.)

Front 12

Which two major minerals can be seen on a standard x-ray?

Back 12

Ca and P
(used to diagnose fractures and tooth decay)

Front 13

Name 2 dietary sources of Phosphorus.

Back 13

Animal meat (muscle)
Legumes (peas and beans)

Front 14

What is the function of sodium (Na)?

Back 14

Regulates water (fluid) balance in body
- binds to Chloride (Cl) to form NaCl
- regulates fluid absorption and excretion from the kidneys

Works opposite Potassium (K) to create cardiac electrical energy

Na - relaxes muscles

Front 15

What is the normal concentration of NaCl in the body?

Back 15

0.9% (concentration of normal saline)

Front 16

Function of Chloride.

Back 16

Regulate water (fluid) balance
- binds with Na to form NaCl

Regulates pH balance of the blood
-important for infection control

Front 17

Name 2 dietary sources of NaCL.

Back 17

Table salt (dry NaCl)
Chlorinated water

Front 18

Function of Potassium.

Back 18

Works opposite Sodium (Na) to create cardiac electrical energy (heartbeat)

Conducts nerve impulses to create muscle contractions (opposite (Mg)

Regulates Glycogenesis (Glucose to Glycogen)

Regulates fluid balance and pH levels

Front 19

Symptoms of low Potassium

Back 19

fatigue

Front 20

Name 2 dietary sources of Potassium.

Back 20

Almost all plant and animal foods

Front 21

Function of Magnesium (Mg)

Back 21

Conducts nerve impulses to create muslce relaxation (opposite K)

Acts as a laxative (Magnesium citrate, Milk of magnesia)

Acts as an antacid

Used to stop contractions during preterm labor

Front 22

What is the best dietary source of Magnesium?

Back 22

Green leafy vegetables

Front 23

Function of Sulfur

Back 23

Forms the structure of healthy hair, skin

When skin or hair burns, it gives off the unmistakable odor of sulfur from burning protein.

Front 24

Dietary sources of sulfur.

Back 24

Cheese and eggs
Poultry and fish

(When these protein foods spoil, they smell of sulfur)

Front 25

What are the 6 trace minerals?

Back 25

Iron
Iodine
Flouride
Zinc
Copper
Selenium

others: Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Molybdenum

Front 26

Function of Iron

Back 26

Carries Oxygen to cells by forming hemoglobin compound in blood

Front 27

Tests for oxygen capacity and RBC concentration

Back 27

Hemoglobin level and serum Hematocrit

(H&H stat, Crit, Crit stat)

Front 28

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.

Back 28

fatigue, paleness of skin and mucous membranes (pallor)

Front 29

Test for iron storage

Back 29

Serum Ferritin level

Front 30

What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the US?

Back 30

iron deficiency anemia

(especially for menstruating women)

Front 31

Dietary sources of Iron

Back 31

Red meat
Organs (liver, kidneys)
Eggs

Front 32

Function of Iodine (I)

Back 32

Builds healthy muslce tissue, skin/mucous membrane cells, bone tissues

Acts as an antiseptic

Front 33

Where is Iodine Stored in the body?

Back 33

Thyroid gland

Iodine deficiency may lead to an enlarged Thyroid gland (goiter)

Diseases of this gland may cause iodine imbalances

Front 34

Dietary sources of Iodine.

Back 34

iodized salt
shellfish/seaweed (the ocean is rich in iodine)

Front 35

Function of fluoride

Back 35

Creates and maintains healthy teeth, reduces the occurence of dental decay

Front 36

Sources of Fluoride

Back 36

Sometimes in public water
Oral fluride supplements
Toothpaste

Front 37

Examples of other trace minerals

Back 37

Zinc
Copper
Selenium

Front 38

Function of Zinc

Back 38

Antioxidant that has skin healing properties (sunscreens and diaper creams)

Front 39

What is hypercalcemia?

Back 39

Serum calcium level that is too high, 11 milligrams per 100 milliliters for adults

Milk-alkalai syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Too many antacids
Vitamin D poisoning (most frequent in infants)

Symptoms - calcium deposits in the soft tissues of the body

Front 40

Hypocalcemia

Back 40

Serum calcium level that is too low

Front 41

What is Ferritin?

Back 41

Stored form of Iron in RBCs

Front 42

Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia

Back 42

Potassium too low/high

Front 43

A client is recovering from a small-bowel resection. The nurse anticipates that the resection will proerly be healed when:

a) the client passes gas
b) his abdomen becomes distended with air
c) a normal, soft formed stool is passed
d) his appetite returns and he tolerates soild food

Back 43

Answer is a

the lumen of the small bowel would be intact and the circular incision site healed when gas from the intestinal bacteria travel through to the rectum. If his abdomen becomes distended with air from the bowel, the incision site may not be healing but leaking air instead. The client will not pass a normal stool for several days after flatus is expelled and he will be kept on NPO status until passing gas.

Front 44

Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia

Back 44

Sodium too high/too low

Front 45

If a client is ordered "Clear Liquid Diet" on the second day after heart surgery, which of the following drinks should the nurse recommend for breakfast?

a) orange juice
b) apple juice
c) V-8 juice
d) skim milk

Back 45

Answer is b

Clear liquid means not opaque.

Other examples of clear liquids are water, jello, apple juice, tea

Front 46

Which vitamins are water soluble?

a) A, D, E, K
b) A, C, E
c) Vit K and K+
d) B complex and Vit C

Back 46

Answer is d

a lists fat soluble vitamins
b lists antioxidants
Be sure to know the difference between vitamin K and K+