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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Young adult description
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Between the ages of 18 and 29 , digital media andsocial media are a major aspects of their lives, more ethnically and racially diverse, least overtly religious, move away from family establish career and family.
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y.a. physiological changes: lifestyle
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family history incraeses risk of illness, identify modifiable factors that increases risk for health problems ( stress, diet, excercise, geographical area, life satisfaction)
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y. a. physiological changes: career
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sucessful employmemt is important, two career families are increasing
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y.a. physiological changes: sexuality
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developing mature sexual relationships and failure to do so results in superficial or stereotyped relationships, encourage adults to explore vatious aspects of sexuality and be aware of sexual needs and concerns, at risk for STIs
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y. a. physiological changes: childnearing cycle
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conception, pregnancy, birth, and the puerperium, women can experience postpartum stress
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y. a. physiological changes: types of families
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experience singlehood or married life, dome families choose to have children
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y.a. physiological changes: singlehood
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social pressure to get married not as great as it once was, young adults who remain single consider siblings and parents their nucleus, close friends and associates are considered family, women in the workforce
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y.a. psychosocial changes parenthood: contraception
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economic considerations, general health status and age all influence the decision to have children
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y.a. health risk
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family history, personal hygiene habits (sharing eatting utensils, poor dental hygiene), violent death and injury, substance abuse, unplanned pregnancies, STIs enviornmental or occupational factors
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middle age definition
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between ages of 35 and 64. sanwhich generation
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m.a. physical changes
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perimenopause and menopause in women, climactetic in men
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m.a. psychosocial changes
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career transition, sexuality, singlehood, marital changes, family transitions, family transitions, care of aging parents,
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m.a. health concerns
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health promotion and stress reduction ( minimize frequency of stress producing situations, increase stress resistance, avoid the physiological response to stress), obeisity, forming positive health habits, anxiety, depression,
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o.a. developmental tasks
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-adjusting to decreasing health and physical stregnth
-adjusting to retirement and reduced or fixed income -adjusting to death of a spouse, children, siblinggs, friends -accepting self as aging person -maintaining satisfactory living arrangements -redefining relationships with adult children and siblings -finding ways to maintain quality of life |
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o. a. cognitive disorders
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delirium- acute confusional state
dementia-generalized impairment of intellectual functioning depression- a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness and despair |
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o.a. health concerns
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Heart disease ( tx of systolic pressures of 160 mmHg or higher reduced incedence of myocaridial infarction, stroke, heart failure), Cancer, stroke, smoking ( reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 50% with cessation), Alcohol abuse ( possible coexisting depression), Good nutrition, Dental care, excercise, falls (look at medications), sensory impaairment, pain, medication use ( look at polyhaarmacy)
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What percent of older adults have a chronic disease
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80%
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what percent of older adults have a disability
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38%
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Healthy People 20/20
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10 year national objectives for promoting health and preventing diseases. Four overarching goals 1. attain high quality of life, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death, 2. achieve health equity, 3. create social and physical enviornments that promote health for all, 4. promote quality of life
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definition of health
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state of complete physical, mental, and social well being not merely absence of disease of infirmity
state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle. Each person has their own personal concept of health |
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models of health and illness
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health belief model
health promotion model maslow's heirarchy of needs holistic health models |
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health belief model
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addresses the relationship between a persons beliefs and behaviors. First ccomponent is the person perception of susceptibility to an illness, second component is the individuals perception of the seiousness of the illness, the third is the likelihood the person will take preventitive action.
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health promotion model
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increasing patients level of well being, multidimensional nature of persons as they interact within their enviornment to persue health
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maslows heirarchy of needs
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provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages
physiological safety and security love and belonging self esteem self actualization |
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maslows: physiological
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Oxygen, fluids, nutrition, body temparature, elimination, shelter, sex
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maslows: safety and security
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physical safety, physiological safety
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holistic health model
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create conditons that promote optimal health. considering emotional, spiritual, and physical well being
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internal variables
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persons developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, perception of functioning( subjective data), emotional factors, spiritual factors
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external variables
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family practices, socioeconomic, cultural background
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Health promotion, wellness, and illness prevention
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illness prevention: immunization programs /wellness: physical awarrness, stress management, self responsibility/ health promotion: routine excercise, good excercise
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levels of preventitive care
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primary: precedes disease
immunizations, wellness education, physical and nutritional fitness secondary: those who have the disease care delivered in homes, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities tertiary: occurs when defect or disability are irreversible or permanent, minimizing the effects of long term disease or disability |
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risk factors
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variables that increase the vulnerability of an individual or a group to an illness or accident. Risk factors include: genetic and physiological factors, age, enviornment, and lifestyle
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risk factor modification and changing health behaviors
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precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
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illness
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not synonymous with disease, a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
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illness behavior
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involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
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impact of illness on pt and family
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behavioral and emotional changes
impact on body image impact on self-concept impact on family roles impact on family dynamics |
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Madeline Leininger transcultural
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caring is an essential human need, caring helps and individual or group improve a human condition, caring helps protect, develop, nuture and sustain people
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Watsons transpersonal caring
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promotes healing and wholeness, rejects disease orientation to health care, care before cure, emphadizes the nurse patient relationship
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swanson's theory of caring
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a composite of three studies in perinatal. Defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to a valued other, toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility. caring is not unique to nursing
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swansons theory of caring
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knowing
being with doing for enabling maintaining belief |
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caring in nursing practice
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providing presence
being with body language listening eye contact tone of voice positive and encouraging attitude |
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Culture
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thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, and institution of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups
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subcultures
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represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics from the dominant culture
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ethnicity
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a shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics
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emic worldview
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the insider, or native, perspective
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etic worldview
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an outsiders perspective
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enculturation
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socialization into ones primary cultue as a child
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acculturation
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the process of adapting to and adopting a new culture
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assimilation
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results in varying degrees of affiliation with the dominant culture
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biculturalism
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mixed, aka multiculturalism
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culturally congruent
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care that fits the persons life patterns, values, and a set of meanings
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culturally competent
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acquiring specific kniwledge, skills, and attitudes to ensire the delivery of culturally congruent care
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cultural conflicts
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ethnocentrism, cultural imposition
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ethnocentrism
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think ones way of life as superior
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cultural imposition
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imposing your culture on someone else
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naturslistic practioners
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herbs, chemicals, heat, cold
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personalistic practioners
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humans and nonhumans
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culture-bound syndrome
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illness specific to one culture
(going postal) |
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cultural and life transitions
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rites of passage, preganancy, childbirth, newborn, postpartum period, greif and loss
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cultural assessment
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comprehensive exammination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communications
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cultural assessment: three points to include
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census data: remember to include distributionof ethnic groups, education, occupation, and incedence of common illness
asking questions: use open ended questions and be focused establishing relationships: so the patient and family feel comfortable |
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cultutal assessment questions
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ethnohistory, social organizartions, family social heirarchy, socioeconomic status, bicutural ecology and health risks, language and communication, caring beliefs and practices
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three models of culturally congruent csre
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cultural care preservation or ,maintenance
cultural care accomidation or negotiation cultural care reatterning or restructuring |
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definition of family
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defined biologically, legally, or as a social network with personally constructed ties and ideologies
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family forms
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nuclear family- mom, dad, kids
extended family- relatives single parent blended- adoptive, joint family situations alternative famiies- multi-adult, skip generations, cohabitating parents |
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concept of families
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represent more than a set of indivuals, families are diverse, members can be a primary force for coping
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current trends in families
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smaller, women are delaying childbirth, couples are having no children, divorce rates have tripled, blended families, homosexual families are units, america is aging
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famiy as a context
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focusingb on the patient and the way the family cares for them
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family as a patient
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focus on fsmily patterns versus individual member characteristics
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family as a system
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observing family as context and as patient
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