Fundamentals Of Nursing 7Th Ch 34

Front 1

Define pathogen.

Back 1

an infectious agent (infection doesn't have to occur)

Front 2

Define colonization.

Back 2

when a microbe invades host (grows but doesn't cause infection)

Front 3

Define infection.

Back 3

the entry and multiplication of an organism (infectious agent) in a host.

Front 4

Define communicable disease.

Back 4

an infectious disease transmitted directly from one another

Front 5

Define symptomatic.

Back 5

when pathogens multiply cause clinical signs & symptoms

Front 6

Define asymptomatic.

Back 6

when clinical signs & symptoms are not present

Front 7

Name chain of infection.

Back 7

infectious agent > reservoir > portal of exit > mode of transmission > portal of entry > host

Front 8

Name some infectious agents.

Back 8

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

Front 9

Define reservoir.

Back 9

where pathogen survives but doesn’t multiply

Front 10

Name types of reservoirs.

Back 10

food, oxygen, water, temps, pH, light

Front 11

Name some portals of exit.

Back 11

blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, transplacental

Front 12

Define vector.

Back 12

insect that transmits a virus by biting host

Front 13

What is the most common mode of transmission in the health care setting?

Back 13

the unwashed hands of a health care worker

Front 14

What is bactericidal?

Back 14

temperature or chemical, that destroys bacteria

Front 15

Define mode of transmission.

Back 15

the way that a disease organism gets from what host (or carrier) to another.

Front 16

Define susceptibility.

Back 16

individual degree of resistance to pathogen

Front 17

Define inflammatory response.

Back 17

protective reaction neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells

Front 18

Define normal flora.

Back 18

micro's reside in body does not cause disease but maintains health

Front 19

Why does inflammation occur?

Back 19

cellular response to injury, infection, irritation

Front 20

What are the steps in inflammatory response?

Back 20

vascular & cellular responses, formation of inflammatory exudates, then tissue repair.

Front 21

What are exudates?

Back 21

fluid and cells that are discharged from body parts (urine, pus, serous fluids)

Front 22

Define phagocytosis.

Back 22

destruction & absorption (eating) of bacteria

Front 23

Define leukocytosis.

Back 23

an increase in the number of circulating WBCs,

Front 24

Define serous.

Back 24

a fluid that is clear (like plasma)

Front 25

Define sanguineous.

Back 25

a fluid that contains red blood cells

Front 26

Define purulent.

Back 26

a fluid that contains WBCs & bacteria

Front 27

What is granulation tissue?

Back 27

a weaker (than collagen) tissue that forms a scar

Front 28

Define HAI.

Back 28

health care-associated infections nosocomial or health acquired infection

Front 29

Define iatrogenic infections.

Back 29

HAI infections from diagnostic or therapeutic procedures

Front 30

Define asepsis.

Back 30

absence of pathogenic microorganisms

Front 31

Define pathogenicity.

Back 31

potency of disease producing ability in a microorganism

Front 32

Define medical asepsis.

Back 32

clean technique, procedures used to reduce number organisms present and prevent transfer of organisms

Front 33

What is “standard precautions?”

Back 33

prevention & control of infection

Front 34

Define disinfection.

Back 34

process that eliminates most microorganisms (except bacterial spores)

Front 35

Define sterilization.

Back 35

the complete elimination or destruction of microbes including spores

Front 36

List some personal protective equipment.

Back 36

gowns, respiratory protection, eye protection, gloves

Front 37

Define epidemiology.

Back 37

study of disease of humans & animals, cause & effect of disease

Front 38

Define surgical asepsis?

Back 38

sterile technique prevents contamination of open wound serves to isolate operative area from unsterile environment & maintaining a sterile field of surgery

Front 39

Define a sterile field?

Back 39

area free of microbes & prepared to receive sterile items

Front 40

Why are patients facing increased risk for infection?

Back 40

because of lower resistance to infectious microorganisms, increased exposure to numbers and types of disease-causing microorganisms, and invasive procedures

Front 41

Define aerobic.

Back 41

aerobic bacteria require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease. Aerobic organisms cause more infections in humans, when compared with anaerobic organisms

Front 42

Define anaerobic.

Back 42

anaerobic bacteria thrive where little or no free oxygen is available

Front 43

Define bacteriostasis.

Back 43

lack of bacterial growth/multiplication

Front 44

Define broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Back 44

antibiotics that are relatively microorganism non-specific, killing a broad range of harmful and healthy bacteria

Front 45

What is a carrier?

Back 45

persons (or animals) who show no symptoms of illness but who have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others

Front 46

What is cough etiquette?

Back 46

(1) education of health care facility staff, clients' families, and visitors; (2) posters and written material for health care facility or agency staff, clients, families, and visitors; (3) education on how to cover your nose/mouth when you cough, using a tissue, and the prompt disposal of the contaminated tissue; (4) placing a surgical mask on the client if it will not compromise respiratory function or is applicable, which may not be feasible in pediatric populations; (5) hand hygiene after contact with contaminated respiratory secretions; and (6) spatial separation greater than 3 feet away from persons with respiratory infections

Front 47

Define edema.

Back 47

the accumulation of fluid which appears as localized swelling

Front 48

Discuss endogenous vs. exogenous infection.

Back 48

endogenous infections are from microorganism within the body (gut flora), exogenous infections are infections introduced from outside the body

Front 49

What is host resistance?

Back 49

susceptibility of the host to infection by microorganisms

Front 50

Define immunocompromised.

Back 50

having an impaired immune system

Front 51

Define necrotic.

Back 51

having tissue death

Front 52

Define suprainfection.

Back 52

an infection that develops when broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection. When normal bacterial flora are eliminated, the body's defenses are reduced, which allows for disease-producing microorganisms to multiply, causing illness

Front 53

Define suppurative.

Back 53

puss-forming

Front 54

Define systemic.

Back 54

something (an infection) that affects the entire body instead of just a single organ or part

Front 55

Define virulence.

Back 55

ability to survive in the host or outside the body

Front 56

What do microorganisms need to survive?

Back 56

food, water, correct oxygen condition, pH, temperature, light

Front 57

What are the three steps in the infectious process?

Back 57

Incubation period (multiplying but asymptomatic), prodromal stage (vague symptoms, fatigue), illness stage (classic symptoms), convalescence (recovering)

Front 58

What are four parts of assessing risk of infection.

Back 58

review of past disease, travel history; immunizations and vaccinations; status of defense mechanisms; patient susceptibility