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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contrast Growth versus Development
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Growth - Quantitative Measurement (height, weight, head circumference)
Development - Behavioral aspect of growth |
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Maturation
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The process of aging
(More qualitative - ie; toile training) |
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Principles of Growth and Development
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- Continuous, orderly, sequential process
- Influenced by environment and genetics - Humans follow the same pattern, although the time of onset, and the length may vary - Each stage has its own characteristics |
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Factors Influencing Growth and Development
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Genetics
Temperament Environment (occupational exposures) Family Nutrition Health Status Cultural Expectations |
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What is the order of Growth and Development?
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Cephalocaudal (head to toe)
Proximodistal (Core out to fingertips) Simple to Complex |
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Which are the most critical stages of Growth and Development?
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Fetal development (growth happens expoentially)
Infancy (1st year - triple the birthweight) Adolescence (gain up to 12 inches) |
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The Stages of Growth and Development...
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...may have uneven pacing.
...are dynamic and interact with each other |
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What are the Four Areas of Development?
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Biophysical development
Psychosocial development Cognitive development Moral development |
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Biophysical development
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How our bodies grow and change
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Freud theory of personality - what are the three parts?
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Id (basic sexual energy)
Ego (realistic part) Super-Ego (conscience) |
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What are Freud's stages of development?
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Oral
Anal Phallic Latency Genitalia |
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Describe Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory.
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Look at the lifespan over entire life span
Each stage identifies a crisis or challenge Normal psychosocial development - When needs are met --- a positive outcome - Needs not met --- a negative outcome |
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What are Erickson's stages of development?
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-Trust v. Mistrust
- Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt - Initiative v. Guilt - Industry v. Inferiority - Identity v. Role confusion - Intimacy v. Isolation - Generativity v. Despair |
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Describe the theories of Jean Piaget
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- Swiss scientist who watched his own three children and others to see how they learn
- Theory of cognitive development - Child learns through assimilation and changes to deal with these experiences by the process of accomodation |
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Assimilation
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The person learns from the people around them and adopts schemas.
Example - A two year old's schema of a tree is "green and big with bark" over time the same schema has new properties added on, "some trees lose their leves some don't" |
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Accomodation
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Process of changing or creating a new schema based on new experiences
Example - A child seeing a zebra for the first time and calling it a horse, then eventually separating out the definition of a horse to be one thing and the definition of a zebra to be another. |
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The concepts of Piaget's cognitive theory
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- Sensorimotor period
- Preconceptual - Intuitive - Concrete operations - Formal Operations |
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Used Piaget's cognitive stage theory as the basis for his theory of moral development
Worked with children in Germany, Kenya, Taiwan, and Mexico not everyone acheives the same level of moral development |
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Kohlberg's moral stages
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Pre-conventional --
1. Obedience and punishment orientation "How can I avoid punishment?" 2. Self-interest orientation "What's in it for me?" Conventional 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity "Social norms" "Good boy, good girl attitude" 4. Authority and social order maintaining organization "Law and order morality" Post-conventional 5. Social contract orientation 6. Universal ethical principles "principled conscience" |
