Fundamentals Of Nursing 100

Front 1

(study of) variances within the pharmacokinetic processes mainly related to culture, in this specific context we are discussing patients’ response to medications.

Back 1

Ethnopharmacology

Front 2

the study of the genetic basis for differences we see in patients’ responses to the meds we administer (aka pharmacogenomics)

Back 2

pharmacogenetics

Front 3

Variation in response to a drug because of a patient's age, gender, size, body composition

Back 3

drug polymorphism

Front 4

Another name for prescription drugs

Back 4

legend drugs

"Caution- federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription"

Front 5

Any drugs listed on one of the "schedules" of the Controlled Substance Act

Back 5

controlled substance

Front 6

Drug used to treat patients with rare diseases

Back 6

orphan drug

Front 7

Congress passed this act which requires manufacturers of products to ensure their safety, and prohibits them from making any unsubstantiated claims on the label

(Label has to say "for depression" not ""known to cure depression"

Back 7

Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act

Front 8

The drug approval process is complex and prolonged. It begins with preclinical testing phases which include in vitro studies and animal studies

in vitro:

Back 8

using tissue samples and cell cultures

Front 9

_______ studies follow preclinical phase

Back 9

Clinical (human)

Front 10

the drug is put on the market after phase III is completed if an investigational new drug application is submitted

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An application that must be submitted to the FDA before a drug can be studied in humans

Front 11

Involves careful explanation to the human test patient of the purpose of the study etc.

Back 11

informed consent

Front 12

Which phase of clinical study?

Small number of volunteers who have the disease that the drug is designed to diagnose or treat. Closely monitored to determine drug's effectiveness and any adverse effects

Back 12

Phase II

Front 13

Which phase of clinical study?

Small number of healthy subjects rather than those who the drug is intended to treat. This phase determines dosage range, pharmacokinetics of the drug

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Phase I

Front 14

Which phase of clinical study?

Large number of patients who are followed by medical research centers. Provides info about infrequent or rare adverse effects that may have not been yet observed.

Placebos, Blind, double blind,

Back 14

Phase III

Front 15

Which phase of clinical study?

Post marketing studies that are voluntarily conducted by pharmaceutical company to obtain further proof of therapeutic and adverse affects. FDA may request Black box warning

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Phase IV

Front 16

FDA may recall drug any time

3 classes of recall:

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Class 1: Most serious, drug has probability of serious adverse effects or death

Class 2: Less severe, drug may cause temporarily or medically reversable health effects

Class 3: Least severe, drug is not likely to cause any significant health problems

Front 17

The ethical principle of doing or actively promoting good

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Beneficence

Front 18

The duty to do no harm to a patient

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Nonmaleficence

Front 19

The duty to tell the truth

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Veracity

Front 20

State laws that are instrumental in defining the scope of nursing practice

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Nurse Practice Acts

Front 21

the characteristics we obtain genetically from our parents and relatives before them

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heredity

Front 22

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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Genes

Front 23

all things that mostly cannot be controlled-

ex. gender, age, ethnicity

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intrinsic

Front 24

stress levels, activity levels, diet, trust in health care system

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extrinsic

Front 25

Sanitation worker of our cells. Job is to remove toxins from our cells

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P-glycoprotein

Front 26

Over the decades that drug trials have been going on, not really using culturally diverse sample of clients. How are we changing that?

Back 26

expanding drug trials through diversity

Front 27

Phase 1 of metabolism

Phase 2 of metabolism

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CYP 450

Acetylation

Front 28

Half life will be shortened in rapid _______

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acetylator

Front 29

Liver tries to make ___ soluble less ___ soluble. Kidneys only like to excrete _____ soluble stuff

Back 29

fat

fat

water

Front 30

reason we have drug doses:

Back 30

acetylation

Front 31

when the liver is preparing the medication for the kidneys to excrete. Trying to make fat soluble medications a little less fat soluble

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acetlyation

Front 32

Planning care is taylor made which means testing for drug metabolizing _______ are available in our generation

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enzymes

Front 33

laughing in the face of scientists who said cannot be changed

Tells us that genes cannot be altered but their function can be changed.

We can try to stop bad through environmental factors- ex. Predisposition to cancer

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Epigenetics

Front 34

DispensingRegulations

I

II

III

IV

V

Back 34

I – noprescriptions except in the case of approved protocols and studies

II –written Rx and NO refills (codeine, morphine, demerol,methadone, pentobarbital, anabolic steroids

III –written Rx with 5 or less refills in a 6month period (codeine in combination, vicodin)

IV – writtenRx with 5 or less refills in 6 month period (ativan,valium, chloral hydrate)

V – writtenRx or OTC availability (state specific/coughremedies s/a Phenergan, and antidiarrhealss/a Lomotil)

Front 35

If there is a narcotic ______ no one can leave until it is resolved

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discrepancy

Front 36

given an order where you need to split the pill, legally the other half is not to be retained

Has to be witnessed by __ to RN or ____ to RN

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wasting

RN

LPN

Front 37

Two types of dependence:

Back 37

addiction

habituation

Front 38

individual develops physical symptoms if the drug is stopped

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physical dependence

Front 39

individual is emotionally attached to the drug and no physical symptoms* manifest upon cessation of the drug. Symptoms are behaviorally based.

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Psychological dependence

Front 40

body becomes accustomed to a drug over time and larger doses are needed to elicit same effect

Back 40

tolerance

Front 41

body develops tolerance to drugs within the same classification or pharmacological class

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cross tolerance

Front 42

Controlled substance schedule categories:

I

II

III

IV

V

Back 42

I–Highest potential for severe dependence (no med use)

II –High potential for severe dependence

III –Moderate to low potential

IV –Limited/low potential

V –Limited/low potential