Mader's Fundamentals Of Anatomy Unit 2

Front 1

List the 2 Layers of Skin and the subcutaneous Layer

Back 1

1) Epidermis

2) Dermis

3) Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Front 2

The epidermis consists of __________ __________ epithelial tissue.

Back 2

Stratified Squamous

Front 3

What does Keratinocytes contain?

Back 3

Protein Keratin

Front 4

In which layer are Melanocytes found?

Back 4

Basal Layer

Front 5

What do Melanocytes protect against?

Back 5

UV Light

Front 6

What are the 5 layers within the Epidermis?

Back 6

1) Stratum Basale

2) Stratum Spinosum

3) Stratum Granulosum

4) Stratum Lucidum

5) Stratum Corneum

Front 7

Which layer of the Epidermis is the deepest layer?

Back 7

Stratum Basale

Front 8

Which layer of the epidermis is the Superficial layer?

Back 8

Stratum Corneum

Front 9

Which layer of the epidermis is found in thick skin (soles of feet, palms)?

Back 9

Stratum Lucidum

Front 10

Define Epidermis

Back 10

Outer Protective Layer of Cells

Front 11

What are the 2 sublayers of the dermis?

Back 11

1) Papillary Layer

2) Reticular Layer

Front 12

What is the Meissners Corpuscles?

Back 12

Sensory receptor - light touch, pain

Front 13

What are Pacinian corpuscle?

Back 13

Sensory Receptors - deep touch - pressure

Front 14

What do fingerprints act as?

Back 14

Anchors to increase friction and provide a good gripping surface.

Front 15

What are the components of the Hypodermis of the skin?

Back 15

1) Cutaneous blood vessels

2) Sensory Nerves

3) Adipose Tissue - insulation, energy storage

4) Connective tissue - anchors kin to underlying tissues

Front 16

What are the accessory skin structures of the Integumentary System?

Back 16

1) Hair

2) Nails

Front 17

What are the functions of hair?

Back 17

1) Minor protective functions (nose, eye, head)

2) In animals - warmth, warning

Front 18

Which structure associated with hair produces the hair?

Back 18

Hair Follicle

Front 19

Whic structure associated with hair is Goosebumps?

Back 19

Arrector Pili Muscle

Front 20

Which structure associated with hair secretes sebum which lubricates?

Back 20

Sebaceous Glands

Front 21

Which structure associated with hair is sensory nerve endings?

Back 21

Root Hair Plexus

Front 22

What is the function of Nails?

Back 22

Protect soft tissue

Front 23

What is the nail matrix?

Back 23

Part of the nail bed that rests beneath the nail.

Front 24

What is the root of the nail?

Back 24

Portion under the skin

Front 25

What is the narrow band of non-living skin surrounding the proximal edge of the nail.

Back 25

Cuticle

Front 26

White crescent at the proximal end of the nail. Visible part of the matrix.

Back 26

Lunula

Front 27

The visible, pink portion of the nail.

Back 27

Nail Body

Front 28

Define Nail Bed

Back 28

Two layers: Epidermis and Dermis. Dermis is living tissue attached to bone and includes capillaries and glands.

Front 29

Define Exocrine Glands

Back 29

Secrete their product through a duct, either onto the body surface or into a body cavity.

Front 30

What is the function of sweat glands?

Back 30

Release sweat to the surface of the skin through a pore.

Front 31

What are the 2 types of sweat glands and what do they do?

Back 31

Apocrine - Release sweat that contains fat and proteins, in axillary and anogenital regions. Contributes to body odor.

Meorcine - Release water-like sweat, for evaporative cooling.

Front 32

What are the Exocrine Glands of the Skin?

Back 32

1) Sweat Glands

2) Sebaceous (oil) glands

3) Mammary Glands

Front 33

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Back 33

Produce oil to lubricate the hair

Front 34

What is the function of mammary glands?

Back 34

Secrete milk during late gestation and subsequent lactation.

Front 35

What are the 3 sensory receptors

Back 35

1) Meissner's Corpuscles

2) Pacinian Corpuscles

3) Bare Nerve Endings

Front 36

In which layer are the Meissner's Corpuscles located?

Back 36

In papillary layer of dermis

Front 37

In which layer are the Pacinian Corpuscles located?

Back 37

In reticular layer of dermis

Front 38

What is the function of the bare nerve endings?

Back 38

Sensory receptor for pain, cold and heat.

Front 39

What are the 5 layers within the Epidermis (describedbelow from deep to superficial):

Back 39

1.Stratum basale: deepest layer, cells are dividing, melanocytes here

2.Stratum spinosum: cells contain precursor to keratin

3.Stratum granulosum: keratinocytes are accumulating keratin granules

4.Stratum lucidum: only found in thick skin (soles of feet, palms)

5.Stratum corneum: most superficial layer – cells are dead and sloughedfrom this layer.

Front 40

Which layer of the epidermis have cells that contain precursor to keratin?

Back 40

Stratum Spinosum

Front 41

Which layer of the epidermis have keratinocytes accumulating keratin granules?

Back 41

Stratum granulosum

Front 42

Which layer of the epidermis have all cells that are dead and sloughed?

Back 42

Stratum corneum

Front 43

Keratinocytes are __________ and prevents __________.

Back 43

Protective

Dessication

Front 44

The _____________ layer is Adipose and Areolar connective tissue.

Back 44

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Front 45

The _______ is the most superficial layer.

Back 45

Epidermis

Front 46

Dense irregular connective tissue.

Back 46

Dermis

Front 47

List 6 areas where skin is a protection

Back 47

1) Mechanical Damage (keratin and receptors)

2) Chemical Damage (pain receptors)

3) Bacterial Damage (acid mantle)

4) UV Radiation (melanin)

5) Thermal (receptors)

6) Desiccation (keratin)

Front 48

How does the skin aid in excretion?

Back 48

Sweat contains urea

Front 49

How does skin a sensory organ?

Back 49

There are several receptors and bare nerve endings whichintegrate with the nervous system.

Front 50

How does skin aid in thermal regulation?

Back 50

1)Heat loss: sweat glands and blood vessels dilate

2)Heat retention: blood vessel constriction