Fundamentals Of Anatomy & Physiology Ch.1

Front 1

The 4 Basic Reference Systems of Body Organizations are?...

Back 1

-directions
-planes
-cavities
-structural units

Front 2

-uppermost, or above

-lowermost, or below

Back 2

-Superior

-Inferior

Front 3

-toward the front
-toward the back

List synonymous Terms for each.

Back 3

-Anterior; Ventral

-Posterior; Dorsal

Front 4

Cephalad or Cranial means_____

& is synonymous w/ ____

Back 4

-toward the head

-Superior

Front 5

Medial means:

Lateral means:

Back 5

-nearest the midline

-toward the side

Front 6

Terms for:
-nearest the point of attachment

-away from point of attachment

Back 6

-Proximal

-Distal

Front 7

-A plane that vertically divides the body into equal halves.
-This plane is also parallel to the Sagittal plane.

Back 7

-Midsagittal or Median Plane

Front 8

-Plane that divides the body into Superior and Inferior portions

Back 8

-Horizontal or Transverse Plane

Front 9

-Plane that divides the Anterior/Ventral & Posterior/Dorsal portions of the body at 90` to the Sagittal Planes

Back 9

-Frontal or Coronal Plane

Front 10

What is the difference between:
Pathology & Pathophysiology

Back 10

-Pathology is the study of diseases of the body.

-Pathophysiology is the study of the FUNCTION of diseases.

Front 11

The Dorsal Cavity is subdivided into the___Cavity and the___Cavity, which contain_____

Back 11

Cranial Cavity - brain
Spinal Cavity - spinal cord

Front 12

Connective Tissue-

Epithelial Tissue-

Back 12

-binds together & supports other tissues & organs (blood,bone,lymophatic)
-covers surfaces & protects(outer/inner tissues lk skin/intestine) forms glands, and lines cavities of the body.

Front 13

Muscle Tissue-

Back 13

-also called "muscle fibers" characterized by elongated cells that generate mvmnt by shrtning/contracting in forcible manner. (skeletal, smooth, cardiac)

Front 14

Nervous Tissue-

Back 14

-composed of nerve cells forming a coordinating system of fibers connecting sensory & motor structures of the body

Front 15

CAUDAL is synonymous with:

Back 15

-Inferior

Front 16

Different types of cells that make up the 4 tissues of the body:

Back 16

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

Front 17

______ are composed of cells integrated into tissues serving a common function.

Back 17

-ORGANS

Front 18

______ is a group of organs that perform a common function.

Back 18

-SYSTEM

Front 19

THE
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 19

O: skin, hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glands

F: protection, insulation, regulation of water and temperature.

Front 20

THE
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 20

O: bones,cartilage & the membranous structures assoc.w/ bones
F:movement(bones act as levers), blood production(red bone marrow), fat storage(yel bone marrow), protection(of soft/vital parts of the body) bones store mineral salts calcium/phosphorus

Front 21

The Dorsal Cavity is subdivided into the___Cavity and the___Cavity, which contain_____

Back 21

Cranial Cavity - brain
Spinal Cavity - spinal cord

Front 22

The Ventral Cavity is divided into which 2 lesser cavities?

Back 22

-Thoracic

-Abdominopelvic

Front 23

Name the Cavity that contains:
the heart in the pericardial cavity and the 2 lungs each in a pleural cavity.

Back 23

-Thoracic Cavity

Front 24

Name the Cavity that contains:
many of the digestive organs and some urinary and reproductive organs.

Back 24

-Abdominopelvic Cavity

Front 25

-Term that refers to the walls of a cavity:
-Term that refers to the covering of an organ:

Back 25

-parietal

-visceral

Front 26

CYTOLOGY-
HISTOLOGY-

*pleura-

Back 26

-study of cells
-study of tissue

-membrane covering the lung*

Front 27

______ are composed of cells integrated into tissues serving a common function.

Back 27

-ORGANS

Front 28

______ is a group of organs that perform a common function.

Back 28

-SYSTEM

Front 29

Homeostasis

Back 29

Maintenance of the body’s internal environment
Negative feedback loop
Examples: blood sugar levels & body temperature

Front 30

CELLS:

Back 30

Smallest units of life
Perform all activities necessary to maintain life
metabolism, assimilation, digestion, excretion, reproduction

Front 31

ANATOMY:

Back 31

study of the structure and organization of the body.

Front 32

PHYSIOLOGY:

Back 32

study of the function of the body parts

Front 33

*space between L & R Pleural Cavities or lungs-
*seperates Thoracic & AbdoPelvic Cavities-
*membrane surrounding the heart
*membrane covering internal organs (filled w/ serous fluid)-

Back 33

-mediastinum*
-diaphragm*
-pericardial cavity*
-peritoneal*

Front 34

Cells integrated into tissues;
Serve a common function
Examples: liver, stomach

Back 34

Organs

Front 35

THE
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 35

O: skin, hair, nails, sweat, sebaceous glands
F: protection, insulation, regulation of water and temp.

Front 36

THE
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 36

O: bones, cartilage
F: movement, blood production, fat storage, protection

Front 37

THE
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 37

O: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
F: movement

Front 38

THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 38

O: brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves
F: control and regulation

Front 39

THE
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
Organs:

Back 39

O:endocrine glands & their hormones- pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal

Front 40

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Functions:

Back 40

F:works w/ nervous system to regulate chemical aspects of the body.

Front 41

THE
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 41

O: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
F: transport substances to & from cells/tissues/organs

Front 42

*artery-
*vein-
*top 3 arteries-

Back 42

-any vessel leave the heart
-any vessel return to the heart
-Carotid (neck) Brachial (arm) Radial (wrist)

Front 43

THE
LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE
SYSTEM
Organs:

Back 43

O: lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus gland, tonsils, spleen

Front 44

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM CONT...
Functions:

Back 44

F:drains tissues of excess fluids, transports fats and develops immunities

Front 45

Which organ is referred to as the "graveyard" for RBCs that are 120 days and older?

Back 45

- the Spleen

Front 46

THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 46

O:nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
F: O2 > CO2 exchange in the blood

Front 47

-Voice Box
-Wind pipe
are Slang Names for:

Back 47

-larynx
-trachea

Front 48

What is the Alveoli?

Back 48

this is where the function of the Respiratory system occurs

Front 49

BRONCHI
singular or plural?
list the opposite suffix:

Back 49

- plural

-us is singular

Front 50

THE
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 50

O: (Alimentary Canal) mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestines, rectum & anus.

Front 51

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CONT..
associated glands:
salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Back 51

F:convert food into simpler substances along w/ other nutrients be absorbed by cells of the body & eliminate waste

Front 52

THE
URINARY
SYSTEM
Organs & Functions:

Back 52

O:kidneys, ureters,bladder,urethra
F:chemical regulation of the blood, formation and elimination of urine, maintenance of homeostasis

Front 53

The Urinary System function of chemical regulation maintains what?

Back 53

-blood ion concentration & pH
-water & electrolyte balance
(Na+ K+ cl)

Front 54

What does pH stand for?

Back 54

potential Hydrogen

Front 55

THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Female Organs:

Back 55

internal- ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina,
external- clitoris, vulva, labia minora/majora & mammary glands

Front 56

THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Male Organs:

Back 56

testes, epididymes, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, penis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, & bulbourethral glands.

Front 57

THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Function:

Back 57

maintains sexual characteristics and perpetuates the specis.

Front 58

Female sex cells are called?
GESTATION: 1. embryo > fetus? 2.fetus >newborn? 3.NB > infant? 4. infant > toddler?

Back 58

-oocytes
1. 8 wks (prenatal)
2. >8wks (prenatal) - birth
3. birth - 1 mo. 4. 2-12 mos.

Front 59

Our body's constant monitoring of itself to correct any major derivations in homeostasis is called?

Back 59

Negative Feedback Loop

Front 60

Feed back responses that revise disturbances to our body's condition: Positive/Negative?

Back 60

-Negative
ex. the relationship between your home thermostat and your furnace. (temp. pre sets)

Front 61

An increase in function in response to a stimulus.
Positive/Negative?

Back 61

-Positive
ex. after 1st contraction during labor, the uterus cont. contract w/ more strength and freq.

Front 62

The liquid part of a cell:

Back 62

-Protoplasm

Front 63

The organs of ANY cavity are referred to as the?

Back 63

-Viscera