Fundamentals Cardio

Front 1

renders items safe for contact with tissue without transmission of infection as long as sterility is maintained

Back 1

sterilization

Front 2

used to kill as many microorganisms in the environment as possible on items and materials that connot be sterilized.

Back 2

disinfectants

Front 3

cleaning and decontamination: combines _________ and a ________ or ________ microbicidal process to make instruments safe for handling

Back 3

-mechanical and a physical or chemical

Front 4

chemical or physical process of destroying most forms of pathogenic microorganisms except bacterial spores

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disinfection

Front 5

used for inanimate objects, but not tissue

Back 5

disinfection

Front 6

three levels of disinfection?

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high-level, intermediate level, low-level

Front 7

high level disinfection?

Back 7

kills all bacteria, viruses and fungi. may kill spores if contact time is sufficient

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intermediate-leve disinfection?

Back 8

kills most bacteria, viruses and fungi. does not kill spores

Front 9

low-level disinfection?

Back 9

kills most vegetative bacteria, fungi, and the least resistant viruses including HIV. does not destroy resistant microorganisms or bacterial spores.

Front 10

methods of disinfection? (3)

Back 10

manual wiping with a chemical-impregnated cloth, soaking by total immersion, processing by flush-through machinery.

Front 11

chemical disinfectants should be proven effective against what? (3)

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staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), slmonella choleraesuis (gram-negative), pseudomonas aeuriginosa (gram-negative)

Front 12

defines a disinfectant as an agent that kills growing or vegetative forms of bacteria...?

Back 12

EPA (environmental portection agency)

Front 13

chemical disinfectant examples? (5)

Back 13

alcohol
chlorine compounds
formaldehyde
glutaraldehyde
iodophors

Front 14

processes by which all pathogenic and nonpathogenic mocroorganisms, including spores, are killed. refers only to a preccess capable of destroying all forms of microbial life.

Back 14

sterilization

Front 15

the degree of contamination with microorganisms and organic debris

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bioburden

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factors such as heat and or moisture sensitivities and product stability

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bioresistance

Front 17

the nutritional, physical, and or reproductive phas of microorganisms

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biostate

Front 18

characteristics of the packaging materials

Back 18

bioshielding

Front 19

factors affecting penetration and evacuation of the agent

Back 19

density

Front 20

product-associated parameters for sterilization (5)

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bioburden, bioresistance, biostate, bioshielding, density

Front 21

proccess-associated parameters for sterilization

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temperature, humidity/moisture/hydration, time, purity of the agent and air, and resual effects or residues, saturation/penetration, capacity of the sterilizer and the position of items within the chamber

Front 22

methods of sterilization

Back 22

thermal (physical), chemical, radiation (physical)

Front 23

thermal method of sterilization

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steam under pressure/moist heat, hot air/dry heat

Front 24

chemical method of sterilization

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ethylene oxide gas..formaldehyde gas and solution, hydrogen peroxide plasma/vapor, ozone gas, glutaraldehyde solution

Front 25

radiation method of sterilization

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microwave (nonionizing), x-ray (ionizing)

Front 26

the time required to achieve sterilization

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sterilization process cycle

Front 27

4 steps of achieving sterilization

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1) heat up and or penetration of the agent
2) kill time (exposure to the agent)
3) safety factor for bioburden
4) evacuation or dissipation of the agent

Front 28

indicators for sterilization? 2 types

Back 28

mechanical and chemical

Front 29

mechanical indicators for sterilization

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gauges, thermometers, timers, recorders, devices which monitor the function of the sterilizer

Front 30

chemical indicators for sterilization

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external indicator tape, labels, or paper strips should be clearly visible on the outside of every package to differentiate between sterilizaed and unsnterilized items

Front 31

packaging materials for steam sterilization?

Back 31

woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, peep packs or pouches, sealants and labeling, wrapped trays, rigid closed containers

Front 32

non woven fabrics- disposoble or undisposable?

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disposable

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peel packs/pouches?

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paper on one side and clear plastic film on the other

Front 34

sealants and labeling?

Back 34

stem-sensitive tape resembles tan-colored masking tape and reveals dark stripes when exposed

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wrapped trays?

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trays with mesh or perforated bottoms to allow steam penetration

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rigid closed containers?

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metal or plastic rigid closed container system for sterilizing instruments singly or in sets

Front 37

steam under pressure (autoclave)?

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thermal sterilization

Front 38

for autoclave thermal sterilization, the standard cycle is ___-___ degrees F at a pressure of __-__ psi for a minimum of __ min

Back 38

250-254 degrees F
15-18 psi
15 min

Front 39

flash/high-speed pressure sterilizer (flash sterilizer)

Back 39

used only for urgent, unplanned, emergency situations which no alternative method exists

Front 40

flash sterilizer operates at a pressure of __ psi and ___ degrees F for a minumum of ) minutes for non-pourous, unwarapped items without lumens.

Back 40

27 psi
270-275 degrees F
3 min

Front 41

Chemical sterilization used what type of gas?

Back 41

ethelyene oxide gas

Front 42

ethelyene oxide gas is used to sterilize items that are sensitive to what? (2)

Back 42

heat or moisture

Front 43

Four parameters of chemical sterilization?

Back 43

EO gas concentration
temperature (85-145 degrees F)
humidity (moisture is essential with EO gas 30-80%)
time

Front 44

the duration for which sterility is assumed to be maintained, and the maximum time a sterile package may be kept in storage

Back 44

shelf life

Front 45

average shelf life?

Back 45

6-12 months

Front 46

a package is no longer considered sterile if...? (4)

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1)puncture, tear, or rupture of package
2)paper becomes brittle and cracks
3)squeezing or crushing forcing air out,a nd unsterile air in
4) accidental wetting of a package

Front 47

what type of pouches protect the contents of a sterile package from dust?

Back 47

heat or self-sealed pouches

Front 48

a sealed, airtight bag which protects an infrequently used sterile package, and protects the integrity of the pacakge

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dust cover

Front 49

peel pouches should be stored on their _____.

Back 49

sides

Front 50

highest shelf should be __ inches below ceiling, lowest shelf should be _-__ inches above floor

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18, 8-10

Front 51

rotation of supples: supples must be rotated so that the ______ are used first.

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oldest

Front 52

preassembled collection of dispoable supplies sterilized as a single unit. the components are specified by the user for a particular procedure. components are assembled and sterilized by the supplier

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custom packs

Front 53

system of preselecting and delivering instruments and supplies for a procedure

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case cart system

Front 54

all instruments are designed to provide a necessary tool to perform a _____ ________ maneuver.

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basic surgical

Front 55

alloy of iron, chromium, and carbon. majority of instruments are this type of metal

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stainless steel

Front 56

harder, stronger, lighter in weight, and less corrosive than stainless steel

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titanium

Front 57

alloy of cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum

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vitallium

Front 58

3 types of instrument finishes fabricated on stainless steel

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mirror, satin or anodized, and ebony

Front 59

shiny and reflects light, resists corrosion, glare can be distracting. which type of instrument finish is this?

Back 59

mirror

Front 60

dull and glareproof. more susceptible to surface corrosion. which type of instrument finish is this?

Back 60

satin or anodized

Front 61

black and eliminates glare. type of instrument finish

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ebony

Front 62

instrument categories? (7)

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1) cutting and dissecting
2) grasping and holding
3) clamping and occluding
4) exposing and retracting
5) suturing or stapling
6) suction and aspiration
7) dilating and probing

Front 63

4 types of cutting instruments

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1)scalpels
2)scissors
3) biopsy forceps
40 snares

Front 64

grasping and handling. forceps. this type of forcep is used to pick up or hold soft tissues and vessels

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tissue forceps

Front 65

this type of forceps will not damage delicate structures

Back 65

smooth forceps

Front 66

this type of forceps have single tooth on one side that fits into two on the other side to provide firm frup on tough tissue

Back 66

toothed forceps

Front 67

clamping and occluding. these instruments are used to clamp and occlude to do what?

Back 67

apply pressure

Front 68

most commonly used surgical instruments. they have either striaght or curved slender jaws that taper to a fine point. serrations go across the jaws. (clamping and occluding category)

Back 68

hemostat

Front 69

hook mounted on a handle. must be held in place by operator. exposing and retracting category.

Back 69

handheld retractors

Front 70

pair of hooks mounted with a ratcheted segment to hold open. exposing and retracting category.

Back 70

self retaining

Front 71

used to grasp and hold curved surgical needles.

Back 71

needle holder

Front 72

needle holder is a subcategory of which major category?

Back 72

suturing and stapling

Front 73

designed specifically to eliminate the twisting and turning of the needle in the needle holder. identified by the gold plating on the handles. (suturing or stapling category)

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tungsten carbide jaws

Front 74

provides a smoother surface and prevents damage to the needle

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crosshatched serrations

Front 75

3 types of needle holders?

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tungsten carbide jaws, crosshatched serrations, and smooth jaws

Front 76

the application of pressure to withdraw blood or bodily fluids

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suction

Front 77

used to enlarge orifices and ducts

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dilators

Front 78

used to explore a structure or to locate an obstruction

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probe

Front 79

electrical current used to close or coagulate small vessels and to cut tissue

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electrocautery

Front 80

do NOT expose instruments to ______.

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saline

Front 81

if surgeon is to your left, pass with ____ hand. if surgeon is to your right, pass with _____ hand.

Back 81

right. left.

Front 82

potentiates the action of antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin, plasmin, and activated coagulation factors IX, X, XI, XII. also prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 82

heparin

Front 83

the effects of heparin are reversible with ______.

Back 83

protamine

Front 84

heparin preserves coagulation factors, so normal clotting will occur when the heparin is ________.

Back 84

cleared from the body.

Front 85

heparin is metabolized in the ______ and cleared by the ___________.

Back 85

liver, kidneys.

Front 86

heparin can be omitted from routine left-sided hear caths when the proceudre is performed in a _____________ and __________ manner.

Back 86

timely and accurate

Front 87

who is professionally responsible for patient care?

Back 87

physician

Front 88

to be legally bound and responsible for personal actions that adversely affect another person

Back 88

liable

Front 89

the failure to use the care or skills that any CVT, RN, etc in the same or a similar situation would be expected to use

Back 89

negligence

Front 90

if surgeon is to your left, pass with ____ hand. if surgeon is to your right, pass with _____ hand.

Back 90

right. left.

Front 91

any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or judgment, or illegl or immoral conduct

Back 91

malpractice

Front 92

potentiates the action of antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin, plasmin, and activated coagulation factors IX, X, XI, XII. also prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 92

heparin

Front 93

the effects of heparin are reversible with ______.

Back 93

protamine

Front 94

heparin preserves coagulation factors, so normal clotting will occur when the heparin is ________.

Back 94

cleared from the body.

Front 95

heparin is metabolized in the ______ and cleared by the ___________.

Back 95

liver, kidneys.

Front 96

heparin can be omitted from routine left-sided hear caths when the proceudre is performed in a _____________ and __________ manner.

Back 96

timely and accurate

Front 97

if surgeon is to your left, pass with ____ hand. if surgeon is to your right, pass with _____ hand.

Back 97

right. left.

Front 98

potentiates the action of antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin, plasmin, and activated coagulation factors IX, X, XI, XII. also prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 98

heparin

Front 99

who is professionally responsible for patient care?

Back 99

physician

Front 100

the effects of heparin are reversible with ______.

Back 100

protamine

Front 101

to be legally bound and responsible for personal actions that adversely affect another person

Back 101

liable

Front 102

the failure to use the care or skills that any CVT, RN, etc in the same or a similar situation would be expected to use

Back 102

negligence

Front 103

heparin preserves coagulation factors, so normal clotting will occur when the heparin is ________.

Back 103

cleared from the body.

Front 104

heparin is metabolized in the ______ and cleared by the ___________.

Back 104

liver, kidneys.

Front 105

any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or judgment, or illegl or immoral conduct

Back 105

malpractice

Front 106

heparin can be omitted from routine left-sided hear caths when the proceudre is performed in a _____________ and __________ manner.

Back 106

timely and accurate

Front 107

who is professionally responsible for patient care?

Back 107

physician

Front 108

if surgeon is to your left, pass with ____ hand. if surgeon is to your right, pass with _____ hand.

Back 108

right. left.

Front 109

potentiates the action of antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin, plasmin, and activated coagulation factors IX, X, XI, XII. also prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 109

heparin

Front 110

the effects of heparin are reversible with ______.

Back 110

protamine

Front 111

heparin preserves coagulation factors, so normal clotting will occur when the heparin is ________.

Back 111

cleared from the body.

Front 112

heparin is metabolized in the ______ and cleared by the ___________.

Back 112

liver, kidneys.

Front 113

to be legally bound and responsible for personal actions that adversely affect another person

Back 113

liable

Front 114

the failure to use the care or skills that any CVT, RN, etc in the same or a similar situation would be expected to use

Back 114

negligence

Front 115

heparin can be omitted from routine left-sided hear caths when the proceudre is performed in a _____________ and __________ manner.

Back 115

timely and accurate

Front 116

any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or judgment, or illegl or immoral conduct

Back 116

malpractice

Front 117

who is professionally responsible for patient care?

Back 117

physician

Front 118

to be legally bound and responsible for personal actions that adversely affect another person

Back 118

liable

Front 119

the failure to use the care or skills that any CVT, RN, etc in the same or a similar situation would be expected to use

Back 119

negligence

Front 120

any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or judgment, or illegl or immoral conduct

Back 120

malpractice

Front 121

if surgeon is to your left, pass with ____ hand. if surgeon is to your right, pass with _____ hand.

Back 121

right. left.

Front 122

potentiates the action of antithrombin III which inactivates thrombin, plasmin, and activated coagulation factors IX, X, XI, XII. also prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Back 122

heparin

Front 123

the effects of heparin are reversible with ______.

Back 123

protamine

Front 124

heparin preserves coagulation factors, so normal clotting will occur when the heparin is ________.

Back 124

cleared from the body.

Front 125

heparin is metabolized in the ______ and cleared by the ___________.

Back 125

liver, kidneys.

Front 126

heparin can be omitted from routine left-sided hear caths when the proceudre is performed in a _____________ and __________ manner.

Back 126

timely and accurate

Front 127

who is professionally responsible for patient care?

Back 127

physician

Front 128

to be legally bound and responsible for personal actions that adversely affect another person

Back 128

liable

Front 129

the failure to use the care or skills that any CVT, RN, etc in the same or a similar situation would be expected to use

Back 129

negligence

Front 130

any professional misconduct, unreasonable lack of skill or judgment, or illegl or immoral conduct

Back 130

malpractice