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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isotonic
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A fluid with the same concentration of nonpermeant particles as normal blood is called isotonic.
--have the same osmolarity as blood, similar to normalsaline (0.9% sodium chloride). |
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Hypotonic solution
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More dilutethan blood, e.g 0.45% sodium chloride moves fluids into cells, causing them toenlarge
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Hypertonic solution
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more concentrated than normal blood. A hypertonic solution such as 3% sodium chloride pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink.
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Therapeutic level |
expected/predicted physiological response to the medication
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Sub-therapeutic level
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prescribed dosage produce slower or no intended physiological response
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Toxic level
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develop after prolonged intake of medication or when medication accumulates in the blood dueto impaired metabolism or excretion
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IV Heparin
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Used to treat acute coronary syndrome (ACS), thrombotic stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation, DVT/PE, AFIB Heparin infusion =25,000 units heparin in 250 mL D5W, 100 units/mL |
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Antidote for overdose/bleeding
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protamine sulfate (requires order),
administered by slow IV over 10 minutes, max dose does not exceed 50mg in 10 minperiod, *repeat PTT two hours after protamine infusion, check vitals q15min for1-2 hours after infusion |
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contraindications of IV heparin |
Active bleeding, platelet count < 20,000, history of heparin induced thrombocytopenia
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nursing assessment for IV heparin |
Always infuse on a pump and lock pump, draw 2 consecutive therapeutic PTTs before infusion, complete blood count before therapy, watch for bleeding, and pain and itching at IV site
DO NOT EXCEED1600 UNITS/HR |
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PICC (peripherally-inserted central line)
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insertedinto upper arm (sub clavian). advanced into superior vena cava orright atrium. Carries lower rate of infection, used for long termtherapies (ex. Antibiotics), contains two ports
* Can only use heparin flush solutions for central lines |
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Peripheral line
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inserted in veins offorearm or hand, < 3 inches, can develop phlebitis with prolonged use, rareassociation with infections, used
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Heparin lock
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prevents IV insertion site from clottingwhen not in use
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SASH method
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Saline (flush in 1mL NS),
Administer medication, Saline flush to clean, Heparinize with heparin flush |
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Implanted port
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Tunneledinto place, portal is sutured under the skin
Used for months or years, accessedby puncturing the skin over the port with a Huber needle** No external catheter or dressing isrequired when catheter is not in use |
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Careof IV site
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Checkinstitution for dressing and irrigating policies
Use only heparin flush solutions forCVC lines If exterior dressing has been used for CVC line, change itunder sterile conditions Check patency of IV line, Change IV tubing every 72 hours Check site for infiltration or phlebitis |
