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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Radiopaque
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More difficult to penetrate by x-ray
ex. bone, metals appear light on radiograph |
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Radiolucent
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Easier to penetrate by x-ray
ex. gases, fat, skin, & lungs appears dark or black on radiograph |
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MRI Contraindication
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hazardous to patients with:
-artificial heart valves -aneurysm clips -neurostimulators -middle ear prosthesis -intrauterine devices *pacemaker patients cannot have MRI. *ortho pins & screws, metal fragments or shrapnel can heat up or move within patient during MRI causing problems. |
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Contrast Dye
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barium sulfate-iodine
-all this has to go through the kidneys to go out of the body. -iodine allergies or shellfish cannot use iodine in case of anaphalactic shock. -wave of nausea, feel flush |
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Thallium Scan
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Physician to view the coronary arteries to diagnose or rule out blockage.
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Test with NO exposure to radiation
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-MRI
-CT Scan |
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Patient Protection for Scatter Radiation
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-avoid error
-establish good routine -collimate -smallest radiation field needed to fulfill physician order -use highest KvP consistent w/acceptable film quality -use fastest film & screens -provide shielding for gonads, eyes, breast, & thyroid. |
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X-ray film boxes stored
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-stand on edge w/ expiration date visible
-check date to ensure that older film is used before its expiration. |
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Fluroscopy & Cataracts
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-exposure to low dose radiation especially in fluroscopy
-x-ray w/o delay in processing films |
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Lateral View
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Sagital plane is parallel to the film.
-there is rotation when on side. |
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Anterioroposterior
(AP) |
-on back
-facing the X-ray tube -laying down |
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Posterioroanterior
(PA) |
facing the film (prone) on stomach the direction of the x-ray beam.
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MRI Scanner Advantages/Disadvantages
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-open MRI
-better accommodation for large or claustrophobic patients -doesn't always provide image quality equal to conventional units. |
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PET Scans
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cancer investigation, evaluation of myocardial blood supply, investigation of CNS disorders
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Body parts mose affected by radiation
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SOMATIC effects: cataracts, carcinogenesis, breast, blood, skin & thyroid. GENETIC effects: mutation in hereditary material, ova, sperm, stem cell.
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Proximal
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toward the source or point of origin.
opposite of distal |
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Distal
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away from the source or point of origin.
ex. wrist is distal to the elbow elbow is distal to the shoulder |
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Midsagittal
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divides the body into right & left parts
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Ventral
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lying face down
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Medial
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toward the center of the body or body part
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Dorsal
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lying on the back w/knees bent, feet flat on the table
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Inferior
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below, farther from the head
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Superior
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above, toward the head
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Caudal
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toward the tail or end of the body, away from the head.
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Cephalic
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pertaining to the head-toward the head
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Upper GI
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-swallow barium sulfate
-detects abnormalities: pharynx, esophagus, stomach -NPO 8 hr -15 min |
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Cephalic
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pertaining to the head-toward the head
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Lower GI
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-barium enema
-bowel obstruction, celiac, sprue, colon cancer, polyps, diverticulitus, IBS -about 1 hour |
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Upper GI
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-swallow barium sulfate
-detects abnormalities: pharynx, esophagus, stomach -NPO 8 hr -15 min |
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Lower GI
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-barium enema
-bowel obstruction, celiac, sprue, colon cancer, polyps, diverticulitus, IBS -about 1 hour |
