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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus |
Function: Control center of the cell, contains DNA in chromosomes Location: Center of cell cytoplasm |
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Ribosomes |
Function: Read and translate mRNA to create proteins Location: Endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm |
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Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum |
Function: Responsible for detoxification and metabolism of molecules Location: Attached to the nuclear membrane |
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Rough Endoplasmic reticulum |
Function: Location of protein synthesis and membrane production Location: Attached to the nuclear membrane |
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Golgi apparatus |
Function: Transport materials from the ER throughout the cell (packaging, processing, shipping) Location: Cytoplasm |
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Lysomes |
Function: Uses hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion Location: Cytoplasm |
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Vacuoles |
Function: Varies depending on cell type (food, storage, waste disposal, protection) Location: Cytoplasm |
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Mitochondria |
Function: Produce cell energy in eukaryotic cells, site of cellular respiration Location: Cytoplasm |
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Chloroplasts |
Function: Site of photosynthesis (energy) in plants |
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Cellular membrane |
Function: Responsible for cell protection, communication, and passage of substances into and out of cell. |
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What are carbohydrates |
Chains of sugar important for storage, structure, and energy
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Saturated fatty acids |
Lipids
"Bad" fats, contain no double bonds in tail, are solid at room temperature |
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Unsaturated fatty acids |
Lipids
"Good fats", one or more double bonds in tail, liquid at room temperature |
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Phospholipids |
Lipids
Two fatty acids and a phosphate group; nonpolar/polar bond aids in cell protection |
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Steroids |
Lipids
Hormones precursors |
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Proteins |
Largest biologic molecules, most significant contributor to cellular function; polymers of 20 molecules called "amino acids" |
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Cellular respiration |
Catabolic pathway (breakdown molecules) leading to cellular energy production.
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Glycolysis |
Step 1 in cellular respiration, anaerobic pathway (without oxygen) converts glucose to pyruvate in the cytosol of the cell Yields: 2 ATP, 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 NADH |
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Krebs Cycle |
Step 2 in cellular respiration, an aerobic pathway (with oxygen) in the mitochondrion Yields: 2 ATP, 6 CO2, 6 NADH AKA Citric acid cycle |
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Election transport chain |
Step 3 in cellular respiration, aerobic pathway (with oxygen), located in the mitochondrion, NADH is oxidized creating O2 and H2O Yields 28-32 ATP |
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Overall ATP production |
32 - 36 ATP/1 glucose molecule Glycolysis --> 2 ATP Krebs -->2 ATP Electron transport --> 28 - 32 ATP |
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Prokaryotic cells |
Lack defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles e.g. bacteria |
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Eukaryotic cells |
Membrane-enclosed nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles |
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Mitosis |
Asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells, division of a cell nucleus creating 2 identical cells
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Miosis |
Sexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells, parent cells split into 4 daughter cells that have half as many chromoses |
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Metaphase |
The chromosomes align along the center of the cell.
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Prometaphase |
The nuclear envelope disappears and the chromosomes start to attach to the spindle.
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Anaphase |
The chromosomes start to separate.
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Telophase |
The chromosomes gather on either side of the now separating cell. Leads into cytokinesis in animal cells.
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Cytokinesis |
The cell pinches in two, forming two separate identical cells |
