Fundamental Motor Skills

Front 1

Immature Walking

Back 1

high guard arm position, wide base of support, flat-footed contact, and toe out

Front 2

Intermediate Walking

Back 2

improved balance, base narrows, arms are lowered and work in opposition of legs, toes point in more forward.

Front 3

Mature Walking

Back 3

Heel strike is exhibited.

Front 4

Running-Stage 1

Back 4

The arms are extended sideward at shoulder height (high guard). The stride is short and of shoulder width. The surface contact is made with the entire foot, striking simulataneously. Little knee flexion is seen. The feet remain near the surface.

Front 5

Running-Stage 2

Back 5

Arms are carred at middle guard poition (waist high). The stride is longer and approaches the midsagittal line. The surface contact is usually made with the entire foot, striking simultaneously. Greater knee flexion is noted in the restraining phase. The swing leg is flexed, and the movement of the legs becomes anterior-posterior.

Front 6

Running-Stage 3

Back 6

The arms are no longer used primarily for balance but rather are carried below waist level and may flex and assume a counterrotary action. The foot contact is heel-toe. Stride length increases. The swing leg flexion may be as great as 90 degrees.

Front 7

Running-Stage 4

Back 7

Foot contact is heel-toe. Arm action is direct opposite of leg action.Nearly in contact with buttocks at recovery phase.

Front 8

Long jump-Stage 1

Back 8

vertical component is greater than horizontal. Arms move backwards acting as brakes.

Front 9

Long Jump-stage 2

Back 9

the arms move anterior-posterior in prep phase but move sideward (winging) during the flight phase. Center of gravity is above the base of support during landing.

Front 10

Long jump-stage 3

Back 10

The arm swing is backward and then forward during prep phase. Arms extend and move forward but do not exceed heigth of head during takeoff. Thigh is still less than parallel to the ground during landing.

Front 11

Long jump-stage 4

Back 11

Arm length extends above head during takeoff. During landing, thighs are now parallel to the ground. Arms are thrust forward to maintain balance.

Front 12

Hopping-Stage 1

Back 12

non support thigh parallel to the ground (foot in front of body).Arms are bent and held at shoulder height.

Front 13

Hopping-stage 2

Back 13

nonsupport knee fully flexed (nearly parallel). slight forward lean.arms move up and down in bilateral motion.

Front 14

Hopping-stage 3

Back 14

nonsupport knee 90 degrees to floor. greater body lean.arms move in a forceful upward bilateral motion.

Front 15

hopping- stage 4

Back 15

knee of nonsupport leg is more near ankle and swing back and forth. arms are close to body.

Front 16

Gallop- stage 1

Back 16

rhytmically uneven run.

Front 17

gallop- stage 2

Back 17

choppy, slow tempo.stiff and exaggerated.

Front 18

Gallop- stage 3

Back 18

smooth, rhythmical, and moderate tempo.

Front 19

skipping-stage 1

Back 19

step-hop pattern or double hop. little arm movement.

Front 20

Skipping- stage 2

Back 20

increase use of arms-forward and upward. more vertical

Front 21

skipping-stage 3

Back 21

reduced arm transfer. foot of unsupported leg brought more near the surface.

Front 22

Throwing-step 1

Back 22

posterior-anterior motion. Feet are stationary. no trunk rotation.

Front 23

Throwing-stage 2

Back 23

rotation of whole body as one. may step with ipsilateral pattern. extended arm.

Front 24

Throwing- stage 3

Back 24

ipsilateral arm motion. throw and step with same arm. no rotation of hips or spine. flexion of hips at follow through.

Front 25

throwing- stage 4

Back 25

leg/arm opposition. wide base at the phase of the throw.

Front 26

throwing- stage 5

Back 26

throwing hand moves in backward arc. opposite leg moves forward. extending leg is stright

Front 27

Catching- stage 1

Back 27

arms directly in front. elbows extended.

Front 28

Catching- stage 2

Back 28

elbows extended in front. arms begin to encircle trying to catch.

Front 29

Catching stage 3

Back 29

scooping motion

Front 30

Catching- stage 4

Back 30

flexing of arms before. may keep elbows at sides and bring forward to meet ball.

Front 31

Catching- stage 5

Back 31

child changes stationary base.

Front 32

Striking- stage 1

Back 32

posterior-anterior direction. feet are stationary.

Front 33

Striking-stage 2

Back 33

feet are stationary. shift in weight as ball comes. bat moves in transverse plane.

Front 34

Striking-stage 3

Back 34

shift of weight to front supporting foot occurs in an ipsilateral pattern. bat moves in oblique-vertical plane.

Front 35

Striking-Stage 4

Back 35

transfer of weight is contralateral. at contact weight is on the forward foot.

Front 36

Kicking- stage 1

Back 36

person is stationary and near ball. Pushing rather than striking action. upper extremity is bilateral.

Front 37

Kicking-stage 2

Back 37

intial action involves hyperextension at the hips and flexion at the knee. arm-leg opposition during kick. knee extension continues after the ball leaves the foot. performer usually steps sideward or backward after.

Front 38

Kicking-stage 3

Back 38

Takes one or more steps before action.Less flexion of kicking leg. trunk remains upright. force may carry performer past the point of contact or near.

Front 39

Kicking-stage 4

Back 39

one or more step with final step airborne. trunk is inclined backward. finally, performer either hops on support leg while airborne in order to land on kicking foot.

Front 40

Punting- stage 1

Back 40

Stationary. flexion at the hip and knee of the punting leg.

Front 41

Punting- stage 2

Back 41

Stationary. may be dropped or tossed upward. thigh is perpendicular to surface or behind midfrontal plane. performer steps back after punting.

Front 42

Punting- stage 3

Back 42

moves deliberatly forward. ball released in a forward and downward direction. Thigh is far behind midfrontal plane. follow through may carry the punter ahead of the point where the ball was contacted.

Front 43

Punting- stage 4

Back 43

approach is rapid, culminating in a leap just prior to contacting the ball.large step after carries punter off the surface in upward/forward direction