Functions Of Muscles In Back And Upper Extremity

Front 1

Splenius M.

Back 1

extend head and neck; rotate head to side of active muscles

Front 2

Erector Spinae

Back 2

chief extensors of the back; lateral flexion to same side

Front 3

Semispinalis

Back 3

extends neck; rotates head contralaterally

Front 4

Trapezius

Back 4

rotates scapula on thoracic wall

Front 5

Latissimus Dorsi

Back 5

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Front 6

Levator Scapulae

Back 6

elevates and downwardly rotates scapula

Front 7

Rhomboids

Back 7

adducts, retracts, and downwardly rotates scapula

Front 8

Serratus Posterior Superior

Back 8

elevates ribs during inspiration

Front 9

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Back 9

pulls ribs down and out during inspiration

Front 10

Deltoid

Back 10

abducts arm

Front 11

Teres Major

Back 11

adducts and medially rotates arm

Front 12

Supraspinatus

Back 12

abducts humerus

Front 13

Infraspinatus

Back 13

laterally rotates arm

Front 14

Teres Minor

Back 14

laterally rotates arm

Front 15

Subscapularis

Back 15

medially rotates arm

Front 16

Brachialis

Back 16

chief flexor of forearm

Front 17

Coracobrachialis

Back 17

flexion and adduction of the arm

Front 18

Biceps Brachii

Back 18

flexes and supinates forearm

Front 19

Anconeus

Back 19

helps with extension of forearm

Front 20

Triceps Brachii

Back 20

chief extensor of forearm

Front 21

Pronators innervated by median nerve

Back 21

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Front 22

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Back 22

flexes and abducts hand at the wrist

Front 23

Palmaris Longus

Back 23

flexes hand

Front 24

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 24

flexes and adducts hand at the wrist

Front 25

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Back 25

flexes PIP joints and aids in MCP flexion

Front 26

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Back 26

flexes DIP joints

Front 27

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Back 27

flexes IP of thumb

Front 28

Brachioradialis

Back 28

flexes forearm at elbow--innervated by radial n.

Front 29

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus/Brevis

Back 29

extends and abducts hand at wrist

Front 30

Extensor Digitorum

Back 30

primary extensor of medial four digits

Front 31

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Back 31

extends 5th digit, primarily at MCP, also at IP

Front 32

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Back 32

extends and adducts hand at wrist

Front 33

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Back 33

abducts thumb and extends it at the CMC joint

Front 34

Supinator

Back 34

supinates forearm

Front 35

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Back 35

extends 1st promixal phalanx at MCP; also extends CMC

Front 36

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Back 36

extends 1st distal phalanx at IP; also extends MCP and CMC

Front 37

Extensor Indicis

Back 37

extends 2nd

Front 38

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Back 38

short abductor of thumb; aids in opposition

Front 39

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Back 39

short flexor of the thumb

Front 40

Opponens Pollicis

Back 40

opposes thumb

Front 41

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 41

abducts 5th digit

Front 42

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Back 42

flexes 5th digit

Front 43

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Back 43

opposes 5th digit

Front 44

Palmaris Brevis

Back 44

covers and protects ulnar nerve and artery; aids palmar grip by deepening hollow of palm on hypothenar side

Front 45

Lumbricals

Back 45

flex fingers at MCP and extend fingers at PIP

Front 46

Palmar Interossei

Back 46

adduct fingers

Front 47

Dorsal Interossei

Back 47

abduct fingers

Front 48

Pectoralis Major

Back 48

adducts and medially rotates humerus

Front 49

Pectoralis Minor

Back 49

protracts and depresses scapula

Front 50

Subclavius

Back 50

stabilizes and depresses scapula

Front 51

Elevation of scapula

Back 51

Trapezius, Levator Scapulae

Front 52

Depression of scapula

Back 52

Trapezius, Pec Minor

Front 53

Protraction

Back 53

Serratus Anterior, Pec Minor

Front 54

Retraction

Back 54

Rhomboids, Trapezius

Front 55

Upward Rotation

Back 55

Trapezius, Serratus Anterior

Front 56

Downward Rotation

Back 56

Trapezius, Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae