Functional Nueroanatomy

Front 1

Cranial Nerve I

Back 1

Olfactory nerve,
sensory function: smell
No motor function

Front 2

Cranial Nerve II

Back 2

Optic nerve
sensory function: vision
no motor function

Front 3

Cranial nerve III

Back 3

Oculomotor
No sensory function
Motor Function: eye muscle

Front 4

Cranial nerve IV

Back 4

Trochlear
Motor function: eye muscles
no sensory function

Front 5

Cranial never V

Back 5

Trigeminal
Sensory function: face, sinuses, teeth
motor function: jaw

Front 6

Cranial Nerve VI

Back 6

Abducens nerve
no sensory function
motor function: eye muscles

Front 7

Cranial nerve VII

Back 7

Facial nerve
sensory function: tongue
motor function: facial muscles

Front 8

Cranial nerve VIII

Back 8

Vestibulocochlear nerve
sensory function: ear
no motor function

Front 9

Cranial nerve IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory : posterior tongue + throte
motor function the same as sensory

Front 10

Cranial nerve X

Back 10

Vagus nerve
sensory + motor function: internal organs and throat

Front 11

Cranial nerve XI

Back 11

Accessory nerve
motor function: neck and shoulders
no sensory function

Front 12

cranial nerve XII

Back 12

Hypoglossal nerve
no sensory function
Motor function: tongue muscles

Front 13

Allocortex

Back 13

Brain tissue with three layers or unlayered organization

Front 14

Amygdala

Back 14

A group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe

Front 15

Angiogram

Back 15

A specialized X-ray image of the head, taken shortly after the cerebral blood vessels have been filled with a radiopaque dye by means of a catheter.

Front 16

Apical dendrite

Back 16

The dendrite that extends from a pyramidal cell to the outermost surface of the cortex

Front 17

Arachnoid

Back 17

The thin covering (one of the three meninges) of the brain that lies between the dura mater and pia mater.

Front 18

Arborization

Back 18

The elaborate branching of the dendrites of some neurons.

Front 19

Astrocyte

Back 19

A star-shaped glial cell with numerous processes (extensions) that run in all directions

Front 20

Autonomic ganglia

Back 20

Collections of nerve cell bodies, belonging to the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system, that are found in various locations and innervate the major organs

Front 21

Autonomic nervous system

Back 21

The part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural connections to glands and to smooth muscles of internal organs.

Front 22

Axon

Back 22

A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons.

Front 23

The frontal subdivision of the forebrain that includes the cerebral hemispheres when fully developed.

Back 23

telencephalon

Front 24

Also called rhombencephalon. The rear division of the brain, which, in the mature vertebrate, contains the cerebellum, pons, and medulla.

Back 24

hindbrain

Front 25

Definition:
Also called prosencephalon. The frontal division of the neural tube, containing the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.

Back 25

forbrain

Front 26

Magnetic resonance imaging that detects changes in blood flow and therefore identifies regions of the brain that are particularly active during a given task.

Back 26

fMRI Funtional MRI

Front 27

Definition:
A passive and noninvasive functional brain-imaging technique that measures the tiny magnetic fields produced by active neurons, in order to identify regions of the brain that are particularly active during a given task.
Matching term:

Back 27

magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Front 28

Also called mesencephalon. The middle division of the brain.

Back 28

midbrain

Front 29

A bundle of axons found within the central nervous system.

Back 29

tract

Front 30

Referring to the lowest spinal vertebra (also known as the tailbone)

Back 30

coccygeal

Front 31

A nerve that is connected directly to the brain.

Back 31

cranial nerve

Front 32

An extensive region of the brainstem (extending from the medulla through the thalamus) that is involved in arousal.

Back 32

reticular formation

Front 33

A chain of ganglia that runs along each side of the spinal column; part of the sympathetic nervous system.

Back 33

sympathetic chain

Front 34

An extensive meshlike system of neurons that governs the functioning of the gut.

Back 34

enteric nervous system

Front 35

A noninvasive technique that uses magnetic energy to generate images that reveal some structural details in the living brain.

Back 35

MRI

Front 36

The end of an axon or axon collateral, which forms a synapse on a neuron or other target.

Back 36

axon terminal

Front 37

An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem and to posterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 37

basilar artery

Front 38

Referring to the 5 spinal segments that make up the lower part of the lower back.

Back 38

saccral

Front 39

The strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus, that is crucial for motor control.

Back 39

precentral gyrus

Front 40

A fiber tract that extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary body.

Back 40

fornix

Front 41

A neuron that is neither a sensory neuron nor a motoneuron; it receives input from and sends output to other neurons.

Back 41

interneuron

Front 42

The strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body.

Back 42

postcentral gyrus

Front 43

One of two systems that compose the autonomic nervous system. Arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.

Back 43

sypathetic nervous system

Front 44

A brainstem structure related to motor control.

Back 44

red nucleus

Front 45

The major arteries that ascend the left and right sides of the neck to the brain.

Back 45

cartoid arteries

Front 46

The branch of a spinal nerve, arising from the ventral horn of the spinal cord, that carries motor messages from the spinal cord to the peripheral nervous system.

Back 46

ventral root

Front 47

The portion of the nervous system that includes all the nerves and neurons outside the brain and spinal cord.

Back 47

peripheral nervous system

Front 48

A type of glial cell that is commonly associated with nerve cell bodies.

Back 48

oligodendricite

Front 49

An anterior basal structure that receives olfactory (smell) inputs from the nasal cavaties.

Back 49

olfactory bulb

Front 50

Also called somatic nerve. A nerve that emerges from the spinal cord.

Back 50

spinal nerve

Front 51

The portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord.

Back 51

central nervous system

Front 52

Two large arteries, arising from the internal carotids, that provide blood to the anterior poles and medial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 52

anterior cerebral arteries

Front 53

The right and left halves of the forebrain.

Back 53

cerebral hemishperes

Front 54

A histological technique that shows the distribution of radioactive chemicals in tissues.

Back 54

autoradiography

Front 55

The caudal part of the hindbrain.

Back 55

medula, meylencephelon

Front 56

Collections of nerve cell bodies, belonging to the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system, that are found in various locations and innervate the major organs.

Back 56

autonomic ganglia

Front 57

The brain regions that surround the third ventricle.

Back 57

thalmus

Front 58

on of the basil ganglia, has a long tail

Back 58

caudate nucleus

Front 59

The passageway within the pons that receives cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle and releases it to surround the brain and spinal cord.

Back 59

fourth ventricle

Front 60

A brainstem structure in humans that is related to the basal ganglia and named for its dark pigmentation.

Back 60

substania nigra

Front 61

A specialized X-ray image of the head, taken shortly after the cerebral blood vessels have been filled with a radiopaque dye by means of a catheter.

Back 61

angiogram

Front 62

The branch of a spinal nerve, entering the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, that carries sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord.

Back 62

dorsal root

Front 63

One of a pair of nuclei at the base of the brain.

Back 63

mammilary body

Front 64

A cortical portion of the limbic system, found in the frontal and parietal midline.

Back 64

cingulate gyrus

Front 65

the region of the synapse that releases neurotransmitter.

Back 65

presynaptic

Front 66

A small, spherical structure that contains molecules of synaptic transmitter.

Back 66

synaptic vesicle

Front 67

Localized, noninvasive stimulation of cortical neurons through the application of strong magnetic fields.

Back 67

TMZ

Front 68

One of the axons of the granule cells that form the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex.

Back 68

parallel fiber

Front 69

The posterior part of the forebrain, including the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Back 69

diencephalon

Front 70

Cerebral cortex that is made up of six distinct layers. (Formerly referred to as neocortex.)

Back 70

isocortex

Front 71

A structure at the base of the brain that is formed by the joining of the carotid and basilar arteries.

Back 71

circle of willis

Front 72

The part of a neuron that receives information, from other neurons or from specialized sensory structures. Usually corresponds to the cell's dendrites.

Back 72

input zone