Functional Anatomy Quiz 3

Front 1

Chapter 14

Name and label the bones and bony prominences of the skull:

Page 199

Back 1

Front 2

Actions of the TMJ joint:

Back 2

-Depression

-Elevation

-Protraction

-Retraction

-Right and left lateral deviation

Front 3

Ligaments of the TMJ:

Page 202 Fig. 14-10 and 14-11

(Next 6 cards include attachment sites for ligaments and other structures.)

Back 3

Front 4

Lateral ligament (temporomandibular ligament):

Back 4

-Attaches anteriorly onto the neck of the mandibular condyle and disk, and then runs superiorly to the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

-Limits downward, posterior, and lateral motions of the mandible.

Front 5

Sphenomandibular ligament:

Back 5

-Attaches to the spine of the sphenoid bone and runs to the middle of the ramus on the internal surface of the mandible.

-Suspends the mandible and limits excessive anterior motion.

Front 6

Stylomandibular ligament

Back 6

-Runs from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the posterior inferior border of the mandible's ramus.

-It lies between the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles and plays a role in limiting excessive anterior motion.

Front 7

Stylohyoid ligament:

Back 7

-Attaches from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the hyoid bone.

-Holds the hyoid bone in place.

Front 8

Joint capsule:

Back 8

-Envelops the TMJ by attaching superiorly to the articular tubercle and borders of the fossa of the temporal bone. Inferiorly, it attaches to the neck of the condyle of the mandible.

Front 9

Articular Disk:

Figure 14-12 on page 202

Back 9

(Similar to the articular disk of the sternoclavicular joint.)

-Divides the joint space into upper and lower spaces.

Front 10

The 4 major muscles of the TMJ:

Next 4 cards on each muscle.

Back 10

1. Temporalis

2. Masseter

3. Medial pterygoid

4. Lateral pterygoid

Front 11

Temporalis:

Figure 14-15 page 203

Back 11

O: Temporal fossa

I: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible

A: Elevation, retraction, deviation

N: Trigeminal V

Front 12

Masseter:

Figure 14-16 page 204

Back 12

O: Zygomatic arch or temporal bone and zygomatic process of maxilla

I: Angle of the ramus and coronoid process of mandible

A: Elevation, deviation

N: Trigeminal V

Front 13

Medial pterygoid:

FIgure 14-17 page 204

Back 13

O: Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and tuberosity of the maxilla

I: Ramus and angle of the mandible

A: Elevation, protraction, deviation

N: Trigeminal V

Front 14

Lateral pterygoid:

Figure 14-17 page 204

Back 14

O: Lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of the sphenoid

I: Mandibular condyle and articular disk

A: Depression, protraction, deviation

N: Trigeminal V

Front 15

Suprahyoid muscles:

(Located above the hyoid bone and connect it to the skull, primarily the mandible.)

Back 15

-Mylohyoid

-Geniohyoid

-Stylohyoid

-Digastric

Front 16

Infrahyoid muscles:

(Located below the hyoid bone and serve to depress it.)

Back 16

-Sternohyoid

-Sternothyroid

-Thyrohyoid

-Omohyoid

Front 17

Chapter 15

Back 17

:D

Front 18

Cervical vertebrae form what type of curve?

(Concave or convex?)

Back 18

Convex

Front 19

Thoracic vertebrae form what type of curve?

Back 19

Concave

Front 20

Lumbar vertebrae form what type of curve?

Back 20

Convex

Front 21

Sacral vertebrae form what type of curve?

Back 21

Concave

Front 22

Parts of vertebrae and how they articulate on each level:

Table 15-2 and photos - page 216

Back 22

Front 23

Ligaments of the spine:

(Next 5 cards on ligaments.)

Back 23

-Anterior longitudinal ligament

-Posterior longitudinal ligament

-Supraspinal ligament

-Interspinal ligament

-Ligamentum flavum

Front 24

Anterior longitudinal ligament:

Back 24

- Runs down the vertebral column on the anterior surface of the bodies.

- Prevents excessive hyperextension.

Front 25

Posterior longitudinal ligament:

Back 25

- Runs along the vertebral bodies posteriorly, inside the vertebral foramen.

- Prevents excessive flexion.

Front 26

Supraspinal ligament:

Back 26

- Extends from the seventh cervical vertebra distally to the sacrum posteriorly along the tips of the spinous processes.

** In the cervical vertebrae the nuchal ligament takes the place of the supraspinal and interspinal ligaments that are located in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

Front 27

Interspinal ligament:

Back 27

- Runs between successive spinous processes in thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

Front 28

What is the name of the ligament that takes the place of the supra spinal and interspinal ligaments in the cervical region?

This ligament also becomes the supra spinal ligament at C7.

Back 28

Ligamentum nuchae (Figure 15-15 page 219)

Front 29

Ligamentum flavum:

Back 29

- Connects adjacent laminae anteriorly.

Front 30

Muscles of the neck:

(Next several cards will be on these.)

Back 30

Anterior:

-Sternocleidomastoid

-Scalenes (3)

-Prevertebral (4)

Posterior:

-Erector spinae group (3)

-Splinius capitus

-Splenius cervicus

-Suboccipital group (4)

Front 31

Sternocleidomastoid:

Back 31

O: sternum and clavicle

I: Mastoid process

A: Flexes neck, hyperextends head, laterally bends neck, cervical rotation

N: Accessory nerve XI; second and third cervical nerves

Front 32

Scalene:

Back 32

O: Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

I: First and second ribs

A: neck flexion, lateral neck bending

N: Lower cervical nerves

Front 33

Splenius capitis:

Back 33

O: Lower half of nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T3

I: Lateral occipital bone, mastoid process

A: Extend the head and neck, rotate and laterally bend neck

N: Middle and lower cervical nerves

Front 34

Splenius cervicus:

Back 34

O: Spinous processes of T3-T6

I: Transverse processes of C1-C3

A: extend neck, rotate and laterally bend neck

N: middle and lower cervical nerves

Front 35

Prevertebral muscles: (4)

Back 35

-Longus colli

-Longus capitis

-Rectus capitis anterior

-Rectus capitis lateralis

Front 36

Longus Colli:

Back 36

O: Bodies and transverse processes of C3-T12

I: Transverse processes and bodies of C1-C6

A: Flex neck

Front 37

Longus capitis:

Back 37

O: Transverse processes of C3-C6

I: Occipital bone

A: flex head

Front 38

Rectus capitis anterior:

Back 38

O: ATLAS (C2)

I: Occipital bone

A: flex head

Front 39

Rectus capitis lateralis:

Back 39

O: transverse process of atlas

I: Occipital bone

A: laterally bend head

Front 40

Suboccipital muscles: (4)

Back 40

-Obliquus capitis superior

-Obliquus captifs inferior

-Rectus capitis posterior minor

-Rectus capitis posterior major

**ALL are located posterior and extend the neck**

Front 41

Trunk muscles:

Back 41

Anterior:

-Rectus abdominus

-External oblique

-Internal oblique

-Transverse abdominus

Posterior:

-Erector spinae group (3)

-Transversospinalis group (3)

-Interspinales

-Intertransversarii

Lateral:

-Quadratus lumborum

Front 42

-Rectus abdominus:

Back 42

O: Pubis

I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

A: Trunk flexion, compression of abdomen

N: 7-12 intercostal nerves

Front 43

External oblique:

Back 43

O: lower 8 ribs

I: iliac crest and linea alba

A: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen, lateral bending, trunk rotation

N: 8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Front 44

Internal oblique:

Back 44

O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

I: 10-12 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis

A: trunk flexion, compression of abdomen, lateral bending, trunk rotation

N: 8-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Front 45

Transverse abdominis:

Back 45

O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, last 6 ribs

I: abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba

A: compression of abdomen

N: 7-12 intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

Front 46

Erector spinae:

Back 46

O: spinous processes, transverse processes, and posterior ribs from the occiput to the sacrum and ilium

I: Spinous processes, transverse processes, posterior ribs from the occiput to the sacrum

A: extend neck and trunk, laterally bend neck and trunk

N: spinal nerves

Front 47

Transversospinalis muscles:

Back 47

O: Transverse processes

I: spinous processes of vetebrae above

A: extend neck and trunk, rotate neck and trunk

N: spinal nerves

Front 48

Interspinales muscles:

Back 48

O: spinous process below

I: spinous process above

A: neck and trunk extension

N: spinal nerves

Front 49

Intertransversarii muscles:

Back 49

O: transverse process below

I: transverse process above

A: neck and trunk lateral bending

N: spinal nerves

Front 50

Quadratus lumborum:

Back 50

O: iliac crest

I: 12 rib, transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae

A: trunk lateral bending

N: 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar nerves

Front 51

Chapter 16

Back 51

:-|

Front 52

What is the difference between primary and accessory muscles for breathing?

Back 52

Primary muscles: diaphragm and intercostals - they move the diaphragm, thus changing thoracic volume and pressure, moving the ribs, and lowering the diaphragm

Accessory muscles: come into play during forced respiration

Front 53

Diaphragm muscle:

Back 53

O: xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae

I: central tendon

A: inspiration

N: phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

Front 54

External intercostal muscles:

Back 54

O: rib above

I: rib below

A: elevate ribs

N: intercostal nerve (T2-T6)

Front 55

Internal intercostal muscles:

Back 55

O: rib below

I: rib above

A: depress ribs

N: intercostal nerve (T2-T6)

Front 56

Phases of respiration:

Table 16-2 page 243

Back 56

Front 57

What is Valsalva's maneuver?

Back 57

Occurs when people hold their breath and attempt to exhale.

Prolonged breath-holding and straining forces exhalation against the closed glottis. This increases intrathoracic pressure, which traps blood in veins and prevents it from entering the heart. When the breath is released, intrathoracic pressure drops and the trapped blood is quickly propelled through the heart, increasing the heart rate and blood pressure. Immediately, a reflex bradycardia follows. This event can have no consequences, or it can lead to cardiac arrest.

Front 58

What is the difference between diaphragmatic breathing and chest breathing?

Back 58

Diaphragmatic breathing is the most efficient method of breathing and requires the least amount of energy.

Chest breathing requires greater effort and is much less efficient than diaphragmatic breathing.

Page 244

Front 59

Chapter 17:

Back 59

:-)

Front 60

What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

Back 60

-Sacrum

-Coccyx

-Ilium

-Ischium

-Pubis

Front 61

What are the three joints found in the pelvic girdle?

Back 61

1. Right and left sacroiliac joints (SI joints)

2. Symphysis pubis

3. Lumbosacral joint

Front 62

Bony landmarks of the pelvic girdle:

Figure 17-7, page 251

Back 62

Front 63

Ligaments of the pelvic girdle:

(The next several cards will cover ligaments.)

Back 63

-Anterior sacroiliac ligament

-Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

-Short posterior sacroiliac ligament

-Long posterior sacroiliac ligament

-Sacrotuberous ligament

-Sacrospinous ligament

-Iliolumbar ligament

-Superior pubic ligament

-Inferior pubic ligament

Front 64

Anterior sacroiliac ligament:

Back 64

-Connects the pelvic surface of the sacrum to the articular surface of the ilium. Holds together the anterior surface.

Front 65

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament:

Back 65

-The deepest, shortest, and strongest of the SI ligaments.

-Connects the tuberosities of the ilium to the sacrum.

Front 66

Short posterior sacroiliac ligament:

Back 66

-Runs obliquely between the ilium and upper portion of the sacrum on the dorsal surface.

-Prevents forward movement of the sacrum.

Front 67

Long posterior sacroiliac ligament:

Back 67

-Runs vertically between the posterior superior iliac spine and the lower portion of the sacrum.

-Prevents downward movement of the sacrum.

Front 68

Sacrotuberous ligament:

Back 68

-Runs between the PSIS and PIIS of the ilium, from the posterior and lateral side of the sacrum inferior to the articular surface and to the coccyx.

Front 69

Sacrospinous ligament:

Back 69

-Lies deep to the sacrotuberous ligament

-Attaches from the lower lateral sacrum and coccyx on the posterior side to the spine of the ischium.

Front 70

What two ligaments convert the greater sciatic notch into a foramen through which the sciatic nerve passes?

Back 70

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Front 71

Iliolumbar ligament:

Back 71

-Connects the transverse process of L5 with the ala of the sacrum.

Front 72

The pubic symphysis is held together by these two ligaments:

Back 72

-Superior pubic ligament

-Inferior pubic ligament

Front 73

Pelvic girdle motions:

(The next 4 cards will cover the motions.)

Pictures can of each can be found on pages 254-255, figures 17-13 thru 17-17.

Back 73

-Anterior tilt

-Posterior tilt

-Lateral tilt

-Pelvic rotation

Front 74

Anterior tilt:

Back 74

-Occurs when the pelvis tilts forward, moving the ASIS anterior to the pubic symphysis

Front 75

Posterior tilt:

Back 75

-Occurs when the pelvis tilts backward, moving the ASIS posterior to the pubic symphysis.

Front 76

Lateral tilt:

Back 76

-Occurs when the two iliac crests are not level.

Front 77

Pelvic rotation:

Back 77

-Occurs in the transverse plane around a vertical axis when one side of the pelvis moves forward or backward in relation to the other side.

**Pelvic rotation occurs because the pelvis moves on the weight bearing hip joint. If there is right forward rotation of the pelvis, there is left medial hip rotation..Remember that medial rotation occurs because the pelvis moves on the femoral head rather than the other way around.**