Func Anatomy 2, Syllabus Questions, Test 1 And 2

Front 1

what cranial nerves come out of the superior orbital fissure?

Back 1

3,4,5,6

Front 2

what is in the inferior mediastinum?

Back 2

3 things!

1. anterior mediastinum

2. middle mediastinum - heart, ascending aorta, lower half of SVC, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins

3. posterior mediastinum - esophagus, descending aorta, azygos and hemiazygos veins, bifurcation of trachea

Front 3

what to find in the right ventricle

Back 3

trabeculae carnae
papillary muscles
chordae tendinae
cusps of triscuspid valve
conus arteriosus
cusps of pulmonary valve
pulmonary trunk (right and left pulmonary arteries)
interventricular septum

Front 4

stuff to find in left atrium

Back 4

1. superior/inferior pulmonary veins (right and left)

2. mitral valve

Front 5

the trachea divides into bronchi at the level of what?

Back 5

sternal angle

Front 6

The _____ is a septum or keel-like ridge at the inferior end of the trachea marking the origins of the R and L bronchi

Back 6

carina

Front 7

at the bifurcation of the trachea, the _____ bronchus is wider and shorter and runs more vertically than does the left, therefore more objects drop down it

Back 7

Right bronchus

Front 8

the ______ is found deep to the trachea

Back 8

esophagus

Front 9

fun stuff at the sternal angle

Back 9

5 things!

1. trachea divides into R and L bronchi

2. second costal cartilage

3. Junction of 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae

4. ascending aorta ends and the aortic arch begins

5. divides superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum

Front 10

what to find inside the right atrium

Back 10

pectinate muscles
crista terminales
tricuspid valve
opening of coronary sinus
fossa ovalis
SVC and IVC
SA node - on crista terminales close to SVC
AV node - interatrial septum close to opening of coronary sinus

Front 11

what rib is the level of the horizontal fissure of the R lung?

Back 11

fourth rib

Front 12

at the midclavicular line the lungs are at the level of the _____ rib

Back 12

6th rib

Front 13

at the midaxillary line, the lungs are at the level of the _____ rib

Back 13

8th rib

Front 14

the lungs are at the level of the spine of ______ posteriorly

Back 14

T10

Front 15

the pleura extends to the level of the ______ rib at the midclavicular line

Back 15

8th rib

Front 16

the pleura extends to the level of the ______ rib at the mid axillary line

Back 16

10th rib

Front 17

the pleura extends to the level of the ______ rib posteriorly

Back 17

12th rib

Front 18

during deep inspiration the lung maydescend as much as _____ intercostal spaces

Back 18

2 intercostal spaces

Front 19

the ____ pleura is the membrane covering the surface of lungs and dipping into fissures between its lobes

Back 19

pulmonary pleura

Front 20

the ______ pleura is a membrane lining the inner surface of the chest wall

Back 20

parietal pleura

Front 21

the ____ pleura covers the diaphragm and is reflected over structures occupying the middle of the thorax

Back 21

parietal pleura

Front 22

the pleural cavity is a potential space containing thin film of fluid separating pleurae

the ____ marks the site where the two pleural sacs meet at midline

Back 22

sternal angle

Front 23

there are ___ ribs on each side of the body

Back 23

12

Front 24

there are _____ true or vertebrosternal ribs. they connect to sternum by costal cartilages

Back 24

7 true ribs (1-7)

Front 25

there are ____ false ribs

Back 25

5 false ribs (ribs 8-12)

Front 26

there are ____ vertebrocostal ribs

Back 26

3 vertebrocostal ribs

ribs 8,9,10

Front 27

There are ___ floating ribs

Back 27

2 floating ribs

ribs 11 and 12

Front 28

the nipple on the male is located at the ____ interspace in the midclavicular line

Back 28

4th interspace

Front 29

The superior angle of the scapula is at the level of the ___ rib

Back 29

second rib

Front 30

the root of the spine of the scapula is at the level of the ____ spinous process

Back 30

T3

Front 31

The inferior angle of the scapula is at the level of the ___ rib

Back 31

T7

Front 32

right side course of the phrenic nerve (4 steps)

Back 32

1. ventral surface of anterior scalene

2. over cupulo of the lung

3. along lateral aspect of the pericardium

4. reaches the diaphragm where it branches

*it passes between the subclavian artery and subclavian vein.*

Front 33

left side course of the phrenic nerve

R and L phrenic nerves end up in the diaphragm

Back 33

ITS LONGER! the left side course of the phrenic nerve is longer b/c the heart inclines left and the left diaphragm dome is LOWER.

On the left side, the phrenic nerve passes between the left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery.

Front 34

what goes through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm?

Back 34

the "US"s

1. esophagus
2. R and L vagus nerves

Front 35

what goes through the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm?

Back 35

AAT

1. aorta
2. azygos vein
3. thoracic duct

Front 36

what goes through the vena caval hiatus in the diaphragm?

Back 36

1. IVC
2. R phrenicnerve

Front 37

cool stuff in the left ventricle

Back 37

aortic valve
interventricular septum
cusps of mitral valve
chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
trabeculae carnae

Front 38

what nerves innervate the muscles of the pharynx (superior, medius, inferior constrictor) aka muscles of swallowing?

Back 38

pharyngeal plexus
CN 9 and 10

glossopharyngeal and vagus
(girl's vagina)

Front 39

what are the stages of swallowing?

Back 39

1. bolus pushed by tongue into the pharynx and the tongue is raised againts hard palate

2. there is contraction of walls of pharynx. 3 constrictor muscles contract moving bolus thru pharynx into the esophagus. the SOFT PALATE elevates againts the posterior pharyngeal wall to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. the walls of the pharynx are raised as elevation of the hyoid (1st) and larynx (2nd). the glottis is closed (epiglottis folds over it to prevent food from getting into the larynx)

3. the INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR muscles squeezes the bolus from the laryngopharyx into the esophagus

Front 40

the _____ elevates againts the posterior pharyngeal wall to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx

Back 40

soft palate

Front 41

the _____ prevents food from getting into the larynx

Back 41

epiglottis

Front 42

the _____ constrictor muscle squeezes the bolus from the laryngopharynx into the esophagus

Back 42

inferior constrictor

Front 43

the ____ opens the glottis

Back 43

posterior cricoarytenoid

n: recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve

Front 44

the _____ closes the glottis

Back 44

lateral cricoarytenoid

n: recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve

Front 45

what are two muscles of the soft palate that help raise it againts the posterior pharyngeal wall?

Back 45

1. tensor veli palatini
2. levator veli palatini

elevate and tense soft palate to close off mouth from the nasal cavity during swallowing and speaking

Front 46

the fetal circulation has ___ umbilical vein which carries ___ blood and ____ umbilical arteries

Back 46

1 umbilical vein with oxygenated blood

2 umbilical arteries

Front 47

describe the fetal circulation

Back 47

1. umbilical vein(ligamentum teres) from mom has oxygenated blood
2. some blood goes to liver, some goes thru Ductus Venosus (ligamentum venosus) then to IVC
3. IVC empties into RA, then blood goes thru fossa ovale into the LA, then LV, then to aorta
4. deoxygenated blood goes thru SVC, then RA, then RV, then pulmonary trunk, then left pulmonary artery, where it is shunted to the Aorta
5. then mixed blood goes to left common-iliac artery and itnernal iliac artery
6. deoxygenated blood goes back to mom via 2 umbilical arteries

Front 48

Describe the arteries coming off the descending aorta, starting at the diaphragm

Back 48

1. celiac trunk
2. superior mesenteric artery
3. R and L renal arteries
4. Testicular arteries (male)
5. Inferior mesenteric artery
6. R and L common iliac arteries

Off the common iliac arteries are the
1. external iliac artery
2. internal iliac artery
off the internal iliac artery is the OBTURATOR artery

Front 49

what arteries come off the left of the celiac trunk? (2)

Back 49

1. Splenic artery
2. Left gastric artery

Front 50

what arteries come off the right of the celiac trunk

Back 50

1. Common hepatic artery

coming off common hepatic artery is
1. Hepatic artery (then R and L hepatic artery, and cystic artery)
2. Gastroduodenal artery
3. Right gastric artery (lesser curvature)
4. Right gastroepiploic artery (greater curvature)

Front 51

the right testicular vein empties into the ____

Back 51

IVC

Front 52

the left testicular vein empties into the ___

Back 52

L renal vein

Front 53

the right and left renal veins empties into the ____

Back 53

IVC

Front 54

the hemiazygos vein comes off the _____

Back 54

left renal vein

Front 55

the hepatic vein empties into the ____

Back 55

azygos vein

Front 56

what three veins empty into the portal vein?

Back 56

1. splenic vein
2. inferior mesenteric vein (middle one)
3. superior mesenteric vein

recall that the portal vein divides into R and L portal veins when it goes into the liver.

coming out of the liver are the hepatic veins, which empty into the IVC.

Front 57

what are the structures of the Porta Hepatis?

Back 57

1. R and L hepatic arteries
2. portal vein
3. R and L hepatic ducts, and common bile duct

Front 58

explain the duct system

Back 58

R and L hepatic ducts drain into the Common Hepatic duct.

The common hepatic duct and the Cystic duct(from gall bladder) empty into the Common bile duct.

The common bile duct and the Pancreatic duct empty into the duodenum.

Front 59

tell me the structures of the kidney

Back 59

1. fibrous capsule
2. cortical substance
3. medullary substance
4. pyramids
5. minor calyx
6. major calyx
7. renal pelvis
8. ureter

Front 60

who has the longer urethra? male or female?

Back 60

male 17.5-20cm

female is only 4cm

Front 61

start, end, length of duodenum

Back 61

start: pylorus
end: duodeno-jejunal flexure
1 foot

Front 62

start, end, length of jejunum

Back 62

start: duodenojejunal flexure
end: blend into ileum
8 ft

Front 63

start, end, length ilieum

Back 63

start: blend w/ jejunu
end: ilieocecal valve
12 ft

Front 64

start, end of ascending colon

Back 64

start: cecum
end: right colic flexure

Front 65

start and end of transverse colon

Back 65

start: right colic flexure
end: left colic flexure

Front 66

start and end of descending colon

Back 66

start: left colic flexure
end: superior aperture of lesser pelvis

Front 67

start and end of sigmoid colon

Back 67

start: superior aperture of lesser pelvis
end: rectum

Front 68

cecum, ileocecal valve, and the vermiform appendix are located in the ____

Back 68

right iliac fossa

Front 69

penis

Back 69

composed of cavernous tissue bound by loose connective tissue and covered w/ skin. the urethra passes through it

Front 70

corpus cavernosum

Back 70

the two corpus cavernosa lie dorsal to the corpus spongiosum in the shaft of the penis

Front 71

corpus spongiosum

Back 71

lies midline in the shaft of the penis near the ventral surface of the column formed by the two corpus cavernosa.

the urethra runs through the middle of the corpus spongiosum

Front 72

scrotum

Back 72

cutaneous and fibromuscular sac containing the testes

Front 73

testis

Back 73

an ovoid gland surrounded by a dense layer of connective tissue suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords. produces sperm

Front 74

epididymis

Back 74

found on the superior and posterolateral aspect of the testes.

storage of sperm.

where sperm undergo final stages of maturation

Front 75

ductus (vas) deferens

Back 75

duct of testes from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct

Front 76

seminal vesicles

Back 76

two lobulated membranous pouches, placed at the base of the bladder, anterior to the rectum which secrete a fluid to be added to the secretions of the testes

Front 77

prostate gland

Back 77

the prostate consists of glandular tissue and fibromuscular tissue. it lies immediately inferior to the bladder and surrounds the upper portion of the urethra. it is secretory in function, contributing to the bulk of the ejaculate

Front 78

ejaculatory ducts

Back 78

these ducts are formed by the union of the ducts of the seminal vesicle and the ductus deferens. they empty into the prostatic urethra where the semen then passes into the membranous urethra

Front 79

ductus deferens

Back 79

a continuation of the epididymis and ascends in the spermatic cord. it then passes through the inguinal canal, crosses over the external iliac vessels and courses to the base of the bladder where it enlarges and is called the ampulla

Front 80

cremasteric muscle

Back 80

surrounding the spermatic cord reflexly draws the testis to a higher position. the prostate gland is located immediately below the internal urethral orifice and around the commencement of the urethra

Front 81

course of the pudendal nerve for male

Back 81

originates at S2-4. passes thru GSF, crosses spine of ischium and reenters the pelvis thru the LSF, then to the ischiorectal fossa to branch as follows:
1. dorsal nerve of the penis
2. perineal nerve to the scrotum
3. inferior rectal nerve

Front 82

course of pudendal nerve thru female

Back 82

originates at S2-4. passes thru GSF, crosses spine of ischium and reenters the pelvis thru the LSF, then to the ischiorectal fossa to branch as follows:
1. dorsal nerve of the clitoris
2. perineal nerve to the labia
3. inferior rectal nerve

Front 83

ovary

Back 83

two nodular bodies on either side of the uterus, attached to the posterior-superior aspect of the broad ligament

Front 84

fimbria

Back 84

finger-like processes at the distal end of the uterine tube which spread over the surface of the ovary, trap the oocyte, and sweep it into the uterine tube

Front 85

uterine tube

Back 85

(fallopian tubes, oviducts) lies in the free edges of the broad ligament of the uterus. to convery oocytes discharged from the ovarian follicles to the uterine cavity

Front 86

uterus

Back 86

thick walled hollow muscular tissue organ situated in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum

Front 87

cervix of uterus

Back 87

portion of the uterus between the isthmus and vagina. it projects into the uppermost part of the anterior wall of the vagina

Front 88

vagina

Back 88

a musculomembranous tube extending from the vestibule to the uterus. it is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

Front 89

labia major and minor

Back 89

prominent longitudinal folds (cutaneous). extend from the mons pubis to the pudendal cleft

Front 90

clitoris

Back 90

erectile structure under the anterior ends of the labia minor

Front 91

broad ligament

Back 91

this is a double layered fold of the peritoneum which holds the uterus, uterine tube, and ovaries in a normal position

Front 92

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Back 92

this is an extension of the broad ligament posterior-laterally which carries the ovarian vessels

Front 93

round ligament of the uterus

Back 93

this ligament lies anterior-inferiorly within the broad ligament and enters the inguinal canal

Front 94

sphincter ani externus

Back 94

muscle fibers around the inferior margin of the anal canal. keeps the anal canal and orifice closed. this muscle is under VOLUNTARY control from the PUDENDAL nerve

Front 95

sphincter ani internus

Back 95

an involuntary sphincter of the canal. it is a thickening of the circular smooth muscle of the intestines. it relaxes when stimulated by PARASYMPATHETIC nerves

Front 96

levator ani

Back 96

floor of the pelvis, supports and slightly raises the floor of the pelvis, resisting increased intra-abdominal pressure as during forced expiration. It forms the LARGEST PART OF THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM

Front 97

coccygeus

Back 97

floor of pelvis, draws the coccyx toward the pubis and constricts it. support and slightly raises the floor of the pelvis, resisting increased intra-abdominal pressure as during forced expiration. it forms the POSTERIOR AND SMALLER PART OF THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM