Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Habituation?
|
It is when a child is shown something enough and they get used to it.
|
|
|
What is the Babinski reflex?
|
It is the curling of the toes after fanning them out when the foot is stroked.
|
|
|
What is the Moro reflex?
|
When the arms fly out at a loud noise or something startling.
|
|
|
What is the Grasping reflex?
|
When the baby grabs your finger. Starts as early as the day of birth.
|
|
|
What is the Rooting reflex?
|
When the baby's cheek is touched it turns its head; relates to feeding.
|
|
|
What is temperament?
|
How the baby responds in the environment; is endogenous.
INFANTS DO NOT CARE WHO IS HOLDING THEM. |
|
|
Easy Temperament
|
Normal bodily functions; adapt well to change.
|
|
|
Difficult Temperament
|
irregular bodily functions; irritable; linked to child abuse.
|
|
|
Slow to Warm Up Temperament
|
lower activity levels; take longer to adapt to change, fussy; calm down after a while; somewhat like shyness.
|
|
|
Babies fall asleep using which sleep patterns?
|
REM then NON-REM, the opposite of adults. at 3 months they switch to an adult schedule.
|
|
|
Infants sleep how often/are fed how often during the first week of life?
|
16-17 hours of sleep
fed every 2-3 hours when they awake. |
|
|
How much do infants sleep at 1 month?
|
15 hours
|
|
|
How much do infants sleep at 4 months?
|
14 hours
|
|
|
What is SIDS?
|
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
(suffocation) |
|
|
In 1984 there was a huge push for infants to sleep on their ______.
|
Backs
|
|
|
What factors are linked to SIDS?
|
smoking, different formulas, and soft bedding/pillows.
|
|
|
Classical Conditioning
|
previous learning; brought on by a new stimulus.
(pavlov) |
|
|
Operant Conditioning
|
behaviors shaped by consequences; i.e. rewards and punishments
|
|
|
Classical Conditioning Example: 4 B's
|
Bath
Book Bottle/Breast Bed |
|
|
True/False:
Piaget believes that the child is also involved in development. |
True.
|
|
|
What is a schema?
|
reflexes
ex. sucking, blinking |
|
|
What is Assimilation?
|
Babies take in surroundings and apply it to their current reflexes.
|
|
|
What is Accomodation?
|
modifying;
baby sucks on a blanket instead of a pacifier. |
|
|
1st stage of development:Piaget
|
Reflex Schemas:
Learning to control reflexes. |
|
|
2nd stage of development: Piaget
|
Primary Circular Reactions:
Baby repeats reflexes that it likes. |
|
|
3rd stage of development:Piaget
|
Secondary Circular Reactions:
A child can do something over and over to repeat an enjoyable reaction. |
|
|
4th stage of development: Piaget
|
Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions:
intentionality: doing something to achieve a goal. object permanence: even though you cannot see something it is still there. |
|
|
weight of infant after 1 year
|
~20 pounds
|
|
|
height of infant after 1 year
|
~30 inches
|
|
|
A 1 year old's head is ~ what percent of its weight?
|
25%
|
|
|
What is exuberant synaptogenesis?
|
the pruning and growing continues cognitively.
|
|
|
pincer grip:
|
baby can grip with fingers instead of with fist at this point in life.
|
|
|
During the first year of life the ______ lobe begins to develop.
|
Frontal.
|
|
|
What is Representation?
|
The child can picture something without actually seeing it. ~1 year old
Word recognition with a picture. |
|
|
A not B
|
Object placed under one of two blankets then moved and child picks wrong blanket.... said to be classical conditioning.
child will recognize which blanket ~8 months old. |
|
|
children start crawling at what age?
|
8 months
|
|
|
Memory improves at what age?
|
6-9 months
|
|
|
What is implicit memory?
|
What the child has already experienced; they do something, they remember, and then they do it again.
|
|
|
What is explicit memory?
|
Imitation of something that they see.
|
|
|
What is wariness?
|
Since memory has improved, the child can realize when someone is coming and going, or something that is good or bad.
|
|
|
Zone of proximal development
|
Noticing the difference between what the child can do on its own, and what it needs help with.
|
|
|
What is social referencing?
|
~ 8-9 months
Child looks to parent for approval of something. |
|
|
from 1-2 years how much weight gain and height gain occurs?
|
~5 pounds and 4 inches
|
|
|
True/False:
By the end of the 2nd year of life, the brain is only halfway done developing. |
False. After this time the brain structures are ready to develop into adulthood.
|
|
|
Karen Adolf
|
Found that children develop fear after they start walking and will not go back to crawling... ramp with gap in between;
children gain fear with experience. |
|
|
What are the four types of play?
|
Solitary(babies), Parallel(2-3), Group(3+), and Imitative(yawning).
|
|
|
5th stage of development: Piaget
|
Tertiary Circular Reactions:
Relationship between child and a second object; give and take relationship. |
|
|
6th stage of development: Piaget
|
Symbolic Representation:
Say something and the child can recognize what it is just from the word; can reason where an object is; work on a problem until it is solved. |
|
|
What are the four types of Attachment?
|
Secure, Anxious/Avoidant, Resistant, Disorganized.
|
|
|
Terrible Twos: New Independence
|
Can be held responsible--> timeout
can reason know adult's idea of good/bad set their own goals this results in new emotions. |
|
|
Tizard's 4 Categories:
|
child characteristics: (attachment)
microsystem: family exosystem: community macrosystem: culture |
|
|
After Isolation for 3 months Harlow's monkeys were (able/unable) to completely recover if put back into society.
|
Able.
|
|
|
(T/F) If put back into society after 6 months, harlow's monkeys still recovered completely.
|
False. They were able to survive but were weird.
|
|
|
After one year, Harlow's monkeys were not able to survive back in their normal habitat. (T/F)
|
True.
|
|
|
Primary Intersubjectivity
|
Starts at 3 months
Is face-to-face cooing with parent, which sets up language patterns |
|
|
Secondary Intersubjectivity
|
Starts at 9 months
Is communication through the use of an object i.e. shaking a cup when thirsty. Sign language can be performed here. |
|
|
Overextension
|
Using a word too broadly
i.e. "kitty" meaning any furry animal |
|
|
Underextension
|
Using a word too narrowly
i.e. "nookie" as if it was the only one in the world. |
|
|
Levels of Abstraction
|
Categories
flowers-- rose... VS flower for everything |
|
|
Holophrase
|
one word that can mean an entire sentence
|
|
|
Combined Words
|
subject/verb in the wrong order
|
|
|
Grammatical Morphemes
|
the boys are running
6 morphemes ^ count prefix or suffix |
|
|
Tag Questions
|
hard to form correct order / questions
"the redhawks lost, didnt they?" |
|
|
Figurative speech
|
"frog in throat"
children think that there is an actual frog in someones throat. |
