Fsw Exam #2

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sexuality

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the set of beliefs, values, and behaviors by which one defines oneself as a sexual being

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heterosexual

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sexual orientation toward members of the opposite sex

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homosexual

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sexual orientation toward members of the same sex

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bisexual

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sexual orientation toward members of both sexes

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transgender

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an indiviudual who believes that he or she is a victim of a biologic accident that occurred before birth and has been living within the body incompatible with his or her real gender identity. a majority of transgender persons are biologic males who identify themselves as feamles, usually early in childhood.

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sexual orientation

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a person's self-identification as a heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, or transgender

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sex

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being biologically male or female; also, sexual activity or behavior

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gender

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the learned characteristics and behaviors associated with biological sex in a particular culture

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incest taboo

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the nearly universal societal prohibitionof intercoursebetween parents and children and between siblings

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masturbation

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a self-stimulation of the genitals; also called autoeroticism

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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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the virus that causes AIDS

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homophobia

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aversion to homosexuals and homosexuality

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DINS dilemma

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inhibited or hypoactive sexual desire in couples with many demands on their time. (double income, no sex)

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sexual dysfunction

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a state in which one's sexual behavior or lack of it is a source of distress; any malfunction of the human sexual response that inhibits the achievement of orgasm, either alone or with a partner

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organic sexual dysfunction

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impairment of the ordinary physical responses of seual excitement or orgasmas the result of physical or medical factors, such as illness, injery, or drugs`

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psychosocial sexual dysfunction

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impairment of the ordiary physcial responses of sexual excitement or orgasm as a result of psychological, developmental, interpersonal, environmental, or cultural factors

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erectile dysfunction

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a sexual dysfunction in which a man has difficulty achieving or maintaining penile erection that is firm enough for intercourse

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premature ejaculation

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a sexual dysfunction in which a man in unable to control his ejaculation reflex vouluntarily and reaches orgasm sooner than he or his partner wishes

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retarded ejaculation

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a sexual dyusfunction in which a prolonged and strenuous effort is needed to reach orgasm

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ejaculatory incompetence

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a sexual dysfunciton that prevents a man from ejaculating in his partner's vagina despite a firm erection and a high level or sexual arousal

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painful intercourse

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a sexual dysfuntion characterized by an intense discomfort during sex; experienced by both men and women and often related to physical problems with sex organs`

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viginismus

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a sexual dysfunction in which a woman's vaginal muscles involuntarily constrict, preventing intercourse

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anorgasmia

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a sexual dysfunction that prevents a woman from having an orgasm

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rapid orgasm

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a sexual dysfunction in which a woman consistently reaches orgasm sooner than she or her partner wishes; the counterpart of premature ejaculation in the male

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sex therapy

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a process of education and counseling designed to help people overcome sexual problems

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gender identity

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a person's internal sense of being female or male, which is expressed in personality and behavior

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gender role

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the traits or behaviors assigned to males or females by a culture

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gender-role sterotype

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a rigid, simplistic belief about the distinctive psychological characteristics and behavioral patterns attributable to a man or a woman based exclusively on sex

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masculinity

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a gender-linked constellation of personality traits and behaviroal patterns traditionally associated with males in a society

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femininity

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a gender-linked constellation of peronality traits and behavioral patterns traditionally associated with females in a society

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androgyny

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a blending of traditionally maasculine and traditionally fiminine personality characteristics and role behaviors in one person; the absence of sex-typing with regard to roles

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gender polarization

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the oranizing of social life according to male and female gender-role distinctions

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equalitarian roles

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social equality between the sexes; equal sharing of practical responsibilities and dicision making by men and women. also called egalitarian roles

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social learning theory

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a psychological theory of development that focuses on learning through observation, imitation, and reinforcement

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cognitive development theory

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a model of child development that views growth as the mastery of specific ways of perceiveing, thinking, and doing; growth occurs at discrete stages

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power

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the ability of an individualin a social system to changes the behaviorof other members of the system through will, influence, or control

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family power

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the ability of one family member to chance the behvior of the other family members

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resource theory of family power

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a theory that the blance of pwer in a marriage is related to the relative resources (especially moneyh, level of education, and occupational prestige) each spouse has in the relationship

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husband-dominant power pattern

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a power pattern in a marriage in which the man is the boss

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wife-dominant power pattern

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a power pattern in a marriage in which the woman is the boss

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syncratic power pattern

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a power pattern in a marriage in which both partners share authority equally and make decisions jointly

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autonomic power pattern

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a power pattern in a marriage in which both partners have about equal authority but in a different areas of life; both make decisions in their particular domain independent of each other

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symmetrical interaction

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a style of communications in which partners send similar messages designed to controle how the relationship is defined

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competitive symmetry

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a style of communication in which partners attempt to controld the situation and the other by excalating the level of hostilities in a competitive manner

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submissive symmetry

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a style of communication in which each participant tries to give control of the situation, and responsibilties for it, to the other

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neutralized symmetry

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a style of communication in which partners respect each other, approached each other as equals, and avoid exerting controld over each other

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complementary interaction

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a style of communication in which the parners adopt two different tactics: one is dominant and one is submissive

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goals

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specific, achievalbe objectives or purposes

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personal coping resources

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qualities that help people dead with stressors across teh life cycle, such as an individual's self-esteen and mastery (confidence in personal abilities)

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family coping resources

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resources of a healthy family system on which the family can draw in times of stress, including cohesion, adaptability, and a willingness to adopt nontraditional family roles in the face of chaning economic circumstances

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saver

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a person whose money-handling style is characterized by compusive saving, often to the point of having little money free for essentials

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spender

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a person whose money-handling style is characterized by a love of purchasing items for herself or himslef as well as for others

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resources

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assets that can be used to achieve goals; economic, human, and environmental tools

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values

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personal, lasting, deeply held basic beliefs about what is good, desirable, and important in life

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budgeting/bankruptcy

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the regular, systematic blancing of income and expenses/ the state of being financially insolvent or unable to pay one's bills

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Passion Cluster

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one of two groups of characteristics that distinguish romantic relationships from friendships; includes fascinations, sexual desire, and exclusiveness

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Caring Cluster

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one of two groups of characteristics that distinguish romantic relationships from friendships; includes being an advocate from one's partner and giving the utmost

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commitment

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the congnitive component of Sternberg's three dimensions of love

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intimacy

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sharing intellectually, physically, and/or emotionally with another person; the emotional component of Sternberg's three dimensions of love

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passion

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intense physiological arousal; the motivational component of Sternberg's three dimensions of love

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non-love

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a type of love relationship characterizedc by the absence of commitment, intimacy and passion

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liking

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a tyle of love relationship characterized by intimacy but lacking passion and commitment

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infatuation

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a type of love relationship characterized by passion and lacking both intimacy and commitment

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empty love

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a type of love relationship involving commitment but no passion or intimacy

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romantic love

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a type of love relationship characterized by intimacy and passion but lacking commitment

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fatuous love

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a type of love relationship in which commitment is based on passion but in which there has not yet been time to develop true intimacy

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companionate love

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a type of love relationship characterized by commitment and intimacy buy lacking intense passion; common between partners who have now been together for many years

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consummate love

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a type of love relationship characterized by commitment, intimacy, and passion

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jealousy

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the condition of being resentful and suspicious of a rival

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intimate experience

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an experience in which one feels close to another or shares oneself in one area of life, such as intellectually, socially, emotionally or sexually

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intimate relationship

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a partnership involving an emotional bond between two people, with proven mutual commitmenta nd trust, that provides personal and relationship security and rewqards; a realtionship in which one shares intimate experisences in several areas of life over times with expectations that this sharing will continue

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ENRICH

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a comprehensive marital inventory containing 125 questions in categories that are relevant to married couples and e=their stisfactions with their relationship. ENRICH is an acronym for ENriching Relationship Issues, Communication, and Happiness

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destructive intimacy game

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games that reduce intimacy because people are often unaware of the game, do not voluntarily participate, and are often manipulated to behave in certain ways

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zero-sum game

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a game in which one side's margin of defeat, prducing a final sum of zero; what one perons wins the other loses

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constructive intimacy game

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games, or exercises, designed to increase intimacy in a relationship; people participate voluntarily, and they know the rules and goals of the game

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singlehood

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the state of being unmarried, divorced, or unattached to another person

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parent-arranged marriage

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a practice, common in non-industrialized societies, in which the parents of the bride and groom select the future spouse and arrange the marriage ceremony. based on teh principle that the elders in a community have a wisdom to select an appropriate spouse, this type of marriage generally extends existing family units rather than creating new units

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dating

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a form of courtship involving a series of appointed meetings for social interaction and activities during which an exlusive relationhip may evolve between two people

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permissiveness

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the extent of which couples are physically intimate before marriage

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double standard

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different standards of appropriate sexual and social behavior for the two sexes; the believe that premarital sex is more acceptable for the males than for the famles

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mating gradient

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the tendency of women to marry men who are better educated or more successful than they are

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sex ratio

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the relationship between the number of men and the number of women in a given age

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endogamy

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the practice of choosing a mate from within one's own ethnic, religious, socioeconomic, or general age group

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exogamy

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the practice of choosing a mate from outside one's own group

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homogamy

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the tendency to marry someone of th same ethnic group, educational-level, socioeconomic status religion, and values

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complementary needs theory

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the supposition that poeple are attracted to partners whose personalities differ from but complement their own. family researchers have not found much support for this theory

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propinquity

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nearness in time or place, in mate selection the the tendency to coose comeone who is geographically nearby

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rapport

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the process of communication in which two people deveop understanding and a sense of closesness

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cohabitation

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two unrelated adults sharing the same living space

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Linus blanket

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a type of cohabiting relationship in which one of the partners is so dependent or insecure that he or she prefers a relationship with anyone to being alone

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emancipation

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a type of cohabiting relationship relationship based on the desire to break free of parental values and influence rather than on love

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convenience

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a type of cohabiting relationship in which one partner takes and the other gives. a relationship of convenience is usally based on sexual, caretaking, economic, or social needs rather than on love

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testing

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a type of cohabiting relationship undertaken as a trial in a situation closely resembling marriage

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palimony

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"equitable relief" (alimony) granted by the court to a cohabiting partner; leagal precedent est. in Marvin vs. Marvin, 1997

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PREPARE

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a comprehensive premarital inventory that assesses a couple's relationship and determines how idenalistic or realistic each person is in regard to marriage how well the ocuple communicates and how well teh couple resolves conflictsa nd financial issues; acronyms PRE-marital Personal And Relationship Evaluation

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family of origin

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the family in which a person is raised during childhood

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vitalized couple

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a type of premarital and married couple characterized by many couple strengths, high marital satisfaction, and a low risk of divorce

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harmonious couple

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a type of premarital and married couple characterized by many couple strengths, relationship satisfaction, and a low risk of divorce

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traditional couple

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a type of premarital and married couple characterized by some external strengths (ie religion and friends) but fewer internal strengths (ie communication and conflict-resolution skills)

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conflicted couple

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a type of premarital and married couple characterized by few relationship strengths, low levels of relationship satisfaction, and a high risk of divorce

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devitalized couple

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the unhappiest type of married couple characterized by a few couple strengths and the highest risk for divorce

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Community Marriage Policy

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disigned to bring clergy members, judges, marital therapists, and others together to support a varieety of premarital and marital enrichment programsto help improve marriage