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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Poisons
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chemicals that lead to DEATH when consumed in SMALL amounts
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Toxicant
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chemicals that are harmful to living organism.
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Who was the Father of Toxicology
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Paracelsus 1493-1541
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sources of toxicants
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nutrients
naturally occurring contaminants chemical intentionally added chemicals formed during food prep |
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Example of nutrient toxicant
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Vit. A .. from animals liver(polar bear) can kill you
VitD Iron |
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Contaminants
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environmental chemicals
pesticide residues animal drugs |
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type of environmental contaminant
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Methyl mercury.
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Methyl mercury is _____ and is found in _____
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toxic to nervous system. Found in fish.
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Food safety
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food will not cause harm to the consumer
can be biological physical or chemical |
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Unintentional contamination of food is dealt with by . . .
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Food safety
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Targets the intentional contamination of food
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Food Defense
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Food Terrorism
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act/threat of deliberate contamination of food for the purpose of causing injury/death of population. Or to disrupt social economic or political stability.
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contributions of diet
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fiber
Vit A Vit C folate potassium Sensory appeal |
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Fruit ripening involves
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color changes
INCREASE in Sugar DECREASE in Acid production of flavor compounds Textural Changes |
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Hormone involved in ripening of fruit
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Ethylene(C2H4) increased sythsis precedes ripening of climacteric fruits:apple, pear, bananas.
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Extend post harvest life of produce
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temperature control. Decrease O2. Slows metabolic activity.
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Eggs 4 main components
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yolk, white, albumen, shell membranes, and shell
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shell color due to _____ yolk color due to _____
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breed/feed
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Eggs are mostly composed of ____
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Water
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waxy lipid found in food of animal orgin(meat , poultry, eggs, dairy)
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Cholesterol
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What does cholesterol do
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Create of some hormones, vitamin D and bile Acids
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Lecithin
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nature emulsifier.
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Gustaf Laval
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built the centrifugal milk cream separator.
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separation
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separated raw milk into skim and cream.
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standardization
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when cream is added back to skim milk to create desired fact contents.
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Processing
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transforms raw food material into food products with extended shelf life
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Food processing objective
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preservation, safety, quality, availability, convenience.
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reasons why foods are processed
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preserve food-reduce microbes(except for fermentation)
stop loss of nutrients introduce variety of products. |
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Shelf stable
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food stored at room temperature
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formulated foods
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manufactured by mixing different ingredient. Ice creams.
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prepared foods
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ready to eat
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processed foods
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milk
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basic steps in processing foods
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unit operations
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Types of food processing.
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Heating freezing drying milling extraction
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Heating
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most widely used to kill microbes
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two types of heat processing
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pasteurization
sterilization . |
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Canning
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sterilization of food carried out in hermetically sealed contianters
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aseptic processing
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food and packaging are sterilized.
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Freezing does what to the growth of microbial
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slows them down
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oldest method of preservation
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Freezing.
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Clarence birdseye
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founder of modern frozen industry.
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IQF(individual quick freezing)
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immersion of food in to a liquid refrigerant(liquid nitrogen)
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Most expensive freezing method
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IQF
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Drying is defined as
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removing water from foods
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types of drying and examples
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spray-powder milk
freeze drying-undergoes sublimation. dried strawberries in cereal. |
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Extraction
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process of getting juice from oranges
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Rich in carbohydrates and proteins. Good source of minerals and vitamins
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Cereal/grains
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The bean family is called
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Legumes (beans lentils)
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Rich in protein/B vitamins and low in fat
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Legumes
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High in lipids b vitamins and protein
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Nuts
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Complete proteins
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supply essential amino acids. ie meat proteins.
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incomplete proteins
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low in one or more essential amino acid. most plant proteins are incomplete.
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Legumes are low in
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methionine
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Ceareal grains are a _____ food crop
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staple
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Basic foods, main items in a diet. Produced in large quantites to meet steady demand.
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staple food crops
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the removal of ______ results in brown rice
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husk
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____ and ___ are removed during the second stage of milling resulting in brown rice.
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germ and bran
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What types of nutrients are lost during the refining of rice
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niacin, riboflavin b6, folate
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Wheat structure is composed of ___ , ___ and ___
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bran, germ, and endosperm
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Endosperm has what two components.
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starch and protein.
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diseases caused by deficiencies in nutrients ( specifically though lack of the rice/wheat/corn )
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beribri-lack of thiamin
pellagra-lack of niacin |
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enrichment is...
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adding nutrients to restore amounts lost during processing.
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processing of milk includes these steps
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separations, standardization, pasteurization, homogenization , fortification.
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homogenization is what
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breaking of fat globules into smaller drops to prevent creaming
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fortification does what
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adds vitamins
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Vit d is essential for what type of health
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bones.
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disease caused by lack of Vit D
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rickets
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salt does what for the body
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fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission.
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types of salt prodcution
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mining
evaporation solution mining |
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because salt is _____ and additive(anti caking agent) such as _____ is added to prevent moisture retention.
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Hygroscopic, calcium.
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USDA deals with whatt
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all animal products
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FDA
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All other foods not related to animal products
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Food adulteration
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lowering quality with cheap ingredients or mixing impure components
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economic loss is called
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fraudulent products
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Health risks to consumers is called
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unsafe product
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Early types of adulteration
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cayenne pepper - mercury sulfide
vinegar mixed with acid teas with used leaves milk and water |
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Harvey Wiley
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pioneer in consumer advocacy. FATHER OF FDA
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Pure food and drug act was passed in what year
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1906
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act passed
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1938
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FDA food Safety Modernization Act
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2011- fda allowed of focus more on preventing food safety problems rather than just responding.
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Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
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1990- all packaged foods contain standardized nutrition information.
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name each food act in order
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1906 pure food and drug act
1938 Federal food,drug and cosmetic 1986 Food Warning on lead 1990 Food labeling and edu 2002/2009 Country of Origin 2011 food modernization act. |
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8 most common allergen
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milk
peanuts shellfish tree nuts eggs fish soy wheat |
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country of origin labeling (cool)
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singed 2002, in effect 2009. requires retailers to provide information about food items. cover meat/fish/ produce.
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california prop 65
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1986 . The safe Drinking water and toxic enforement act. products must carry a warning label when made with , or contain hazardous chemicals.
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Which is the warning with a yellow triangle
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warning for ceramic tableware.
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Which warning has no yellow triangle
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warning for lead glassware.
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