Fsot - Major Court Rulings

Front 1

Abbington Vs. Schempp

Back 1

prohibited devotional bible reading in schools

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Activist court

Back 2

Court that makes decisions that forge new ground such as Roe v. Wade or Brown v. Board of Education and establish precedent that often result in some form of legislative action

Front 3

Ashcroft Vs. ACLU

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struck down a federal ban on virtual child pornography

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Baker Vs. Carr

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Ordered state legislative districts to be as near to equal in population as possible. "one man one vote"

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Brandeis Brief

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A friend of the court opinion offered by Louis Brandeis, in the Supreme Court case Muller v. Oregon (1908), which spoke about inherent differences between men and women in the workplace.

Front 6

Brown v. Board of Education

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the 1954 case in which the Supreme Court overturned the "separate but equal" (Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896) standard as it applied to education

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Buckley Vs. Valeo

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campaign spending--legislaters can limit contributions but one can spend their own money as much as they want (donation caps)

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Class-action suit

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A case brought into court by a person on behalf of not only himself or herself but all other persons in the country under similar circumstances. For example, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the Supreme Court decided that not only Linda Brown but all others similarly situated had the right to attend a local public school of their choice without regard to race. (Ch. 14)

Front 9

Clinton Vs. NY

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Banned presidential use of line item veto

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Dred Scott v. Sanford?

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In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that even free Africans could not sue in a federal court, since they were not citizens of the United States and that slaves brought into free territory remained slaves because they were a form of property.

Front 11

Engel Vs. Vitale

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prohibited state sponsered reciting of prayers in school

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Fighting words doctrine

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Established in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942), the decision incorporated into state law the concept that the government can limit free speech if it can be proved that the result of speech will cause physical violence.

Front 13

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

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Decision that established the precedent that the Supreme Court could rule a state law unconstitutional.

Front 14

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

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Case established the principle that Congress has sole authority over interstate commerce.

Front 15

gideon v. wainwright

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Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one.

Front 16

Gitlow Vs. New York

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1925: states can not deny freedom of speech - precident for federalizing bill of rights

Front 17

Gonzales Vs. Carhart

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upheld partial birth abortion ban act o 2003

Front 18

Gratz Vs. Bollinger

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Stuck down use of bonus points for race in undergrad admissions at university of Michigan

Front 19

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

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Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Constitution implicitly guarantees citizens' right to privacy

Front 20

Grutter Vs. Bollinger

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Allowed race as a general factor in law school admissions at university of michigan

Front 21

Kelo Vs. City of New London

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Local gov may force the sale of private properst to make way for private economic development when officials decide it would benefit the public

Front 22

Lawrence Vs. Texas

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Using right of Privacy struck down texas ban on sodomy

Front 23

Lemon Vs. Kurtzman

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allowed states to provide text books and busing services for students attending private schools

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Mapp Vs. Ohio

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Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence can not be used in court

Front 25

Marbury v. Madison?

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(1803) landmark case in United States law wherein the U.S. Supreme Court established judicial review as a legitimate power of the Court on constitutional grounds.

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Marshall Court

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John Marshall's tenure as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, whose leadership resulted in the landmark decisions of Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden. These cases shifted power to the judiciary and federal government.

Front 27

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

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Case that established the principle that the federal government was supreme over the state.

Front 28

Miller v. California Decision?

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(1973) was an important United States Supreme Court case involving what constitutes unprotected obscenity for First Amendment purposes. The decision reiterated that obscenity was not protected by the First Amendment and established the Miller test for determining what constituted obscene material.

Front 29

Palko Vs. Connecticut

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Provided test for which parts of the bill of rights should be federalized

Front 30

Planned Parenthood Vs. Casey

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states can regulate abortion but not with regulations that impose a burden to the woman; more leeway like the 24 hour waiting period and parent concent to minors

Front 31

Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)

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Supreme Court ruling that "separate but equal" facilities for the different races were not unconstitutional. This ruling opened the door to 75 years of state-sanctioned segregation in the South.

Front 32

Roe v. Wade (1973)

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Supreme Court case that decriminalized abortion.

Front 33

Schenck v. United States (1919)?

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It established the "clear and present danger" doctrine, in establishing that the right ro free speech can be curtailed in wartime. Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote the opinion.

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Shaw Vs. Reno

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No Racial gerrymandering

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Texas v. Johnson Decision?

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(1989), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag in force in 48 of the 50 states. Justice William Brennan wrote for a five-justice majority in holding that the defendant's act of flag burning was protected speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Front 36

US Regents Vs. Bakke

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strict college admissions quotas unconstitutional but states may allow race to be taken into concideration as ONE factor in admissions decisions

Front 37

US Vs. Lopez

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Gun free school zones act exceeded congress' authority to regulated innerstate commerce

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US Vs. Nixon

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Allowed for executive privledges but not in criminal cases

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US. v. Lopez significant?

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From 1937 to 1995, the Supreme Court of the United States did not void a single Act of Congress for exceeding Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, instead holding that anything that could conceivably have even a slight impact on commerce was subject to federal regulation. It was thus seen as a (narrow) victory for federalism when the Rehnquist Court reined in federal regulatory power in United States v. Lopez (1995) and United States v. Morrison (2000).

Front 40

Webster Vs. Reproductive Health Services

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More leeway for states in regulating abortion

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Wesberry Vs. Sanders

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Ordered house districts to be as near population as possible

Front 42

West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish

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The Supreme Court struck down many of the FDR's New Deal reforms because they found they interfered with an individual's right to contract, implicit in the due process clause of the 14th amendmnet. This case, however, was when the supreme court basically overruled itself and started upholding many of FDRs laws, such as minimum wage, and laws limiting the number of working hours, etc. Effectively, one member of the court switched sides after FDR threatened to go to congress to ask to expand the number of supreme court justices so that he could attain a majority. The Judge's change of heart is known as the "switch in time that saved nine."

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Zelman Vs. Simmons-Harris

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Public money can be used to send dissadvantaged children to private schools/religious schools in tuition voucher programs