Fsmfn 617 Exam 1

Front 1

What is level 1 research?

Back 1

descriptions of characteristics

Front 2

What is level II research?

Back 2

Relationships among or between variables.

Front 3

What is level III research?

Back 3

cause and effect

Front 4

What is level IV research?

Back 4

randomized clinical trials

Front 5

What are the 4 levels of research?

Back 5

1. description of characteristics
2. relationships among or between variables.
3. cause and effect
4. randomized clinical trials.

Front 6

How does a clinician use level I research, description of characteristics?

Back 6

Level 1 research expands the usual assessment parameters but does not guide interventions or treatments.

Front 7

What type of research is conducted in level i research?

Back 7

Either qualitative phenomenology or quantitative surveys with nonparametric statistics.

Front 8

How does a clinician use level II research?

Back 8

The clinician may suggest a change of behavior, but level II research does not guide methods of behavior change nor do they explain how a change of behavior will be effective.

Front 9

What are the two experimental designs used to guide level III research?

Back 9

1. True experimental design.
2. Quasi-experimental design.

Front 10

What is the purpose of level III research?

Back 10

to discover the mechanistic/causal relationship between variables. uses a hypothesis.

Front 11

Define True Experimental Design.

Back 11

Provides the maximum amount of control. Is characterized by random selection and manipulation of independent or causal variable.

Front 12

Define quasi-experimental design.

Back 12

It is the same as true experimental design except that participants are not randomly selected. This is due to the fact that one cannot, for example, recruit people to contract a particular disease for research purposes.

Front 13

How is level III research of importance to clinicians?

Back 13

Level III research provides confidence in the prediction of outcomes.

Front 14

What does level IV research test/demonstrate?

Back 14

The effectiveness of an intervention.

Front 15

How is a level IV research study designed? What are its defining features?

Back 15

Randomized selection, randomized assignment, placebo, double-blind, clinical trial.

Front 16

How does a clinician use Level IV research?

Back 16

to predict the effectiveness of a particular treatment.

Front 17

What is the purpose of primary care?

Back 17

Encourage wellness, prevent illness, treat chronic disease, and provide palliative care.

Front 18

What is holistic care?

Back 18

Holistic care recognizes and incorporates, biologic, psychologic, sociologic, and spiritual dimensions to care.

Front 19

What strategies can enhance the patient-provider interactions?

Back 19

Focus on patient, quiet room, complete history, physical, address client concerns.

Front 20

What must be considered when using an interpreter?

Back 20

Best to use medical interpreter.
Telephone interpreters.
Depending on state laws, bilingual staff may or may not be able to interpret.
Face the patient, not the interpreter.
Tell interpreter to translate everything that is said.
Review general topic with interpreter.

Front 21

An individual's right to make health care decisions unless deemed incompetent.

Back 21

Autonomy

Front 22

Treat all persons with respect and address their health care needs.

Back 22

Justice

Front 23

Mandates that health care providers honor their commitments.

Back 23

Fidelity

Front 24

Tell the truth and not be deceptive.

Back 24

Veracity

Front 25

Do no harm

Back 25

Nonmaleficence

Front 27

Provision of benefits and a balancing of harms and benefits; requires choice of positive action

Back 27

Beneficence

Front 28

Respect for privileged information

Back 28

Confidentiality

Front 29

What is the first principle of the Nuremberg code?

Back 29

Voluntary consent

Front 30

What is the role of an institutional review board (IRV) in research?

Back 30

Review and oversight of proposed research. Review research protocols and protect human subjects.

Front 31

Principles of the Nuremberg Code.

Back 31

1. benefits of research to society.
2. study design and basis in natural history of the a disease.
3. avoidance of physical harm.
4. patient may choose to end research at any time.
5. research is conducted by scientifically qualified persons.
6. degree of experimental risk should not exceed humanitarian importance of problem.
7. researcher must stop research if untoward effects related to experiment occur.

Front 32

The ability of individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Back 32

Health Literacy

Front 33

What are the three AskMe3 questions?

Back 33

1. What is my main problem?
2. What do I need to do?
3. Why is it important for me to do this?

Front 34

What is AskMe3?

Back 34

A resource which helps patients communicate more effectively with providers.

Front 35

What resources are offered on the ASkMe3 website?

Back 35

bilingual training materials in English and Spanish. Ideas for making practices more user friendly in for patients with inadequate health literacy.

Front 36

What are some measures to reduce barriers in health literacy?

Back 36

1. Screen for health literacy.
2. Provide education at appropriate reading levels.
3. Use pictographs and symbols.
4. Use the talk-back method.
5. Address the patient's main problem, what they need to do, and why (the importance) they need to do it.