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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a nutrient? what are examples?
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A nutrient is a substance used in an organism’s metabolism or physiology which must be taken in from the environment
ex.Organic nutrient include carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins. -Inorganic chemical compounds such as minerals; water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide may also be considered nutrients. |
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what are essential nutrients? what are 2 examples?
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nutrients that cannot be synthesized in the body and so must be consumed through food
Ex -Linoleic acid -Alpha-Linolenic acid |
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what is conditionally essential nutrients? what are 2 examples?
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-can be synthesized by a healthy body working at optimal efficiency. However, under certain conditions (e.g. stress, disease, intoxication, advanced age, etc), the body may lose the ability to synthesize these nutrients in sufficient quantities and becomes dependent on obtaining them from food
ex.Cysteine and Methionine (amino acids) |
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What happens if the body does not get enough of any essential required nutrient over days, weeks, months, years, decades. Think of specific examples.
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On average, adults lose approximately 1450 to 2800 mL of water daily.
Life as we know it does not exist without water. It is the largest single constituent of the human body, averaging 60% of total body weight. It is the medium in which all biochemical reaction takes place. Although most people can survive 6 weeks or longer without food, death occurs in a matter of days without water. Fasting: temporary routine fasting-late morning, late afternoon & most of the evening. Beginning about 4 hr, after previous meal. During this time body’s energy needs are met from stored nutrients. Brain cells, nerve cells, red blood cells rely exclusively on glucose for energy. If liver glycogen is depleted. So body uses glucogenic amino acid, unfortunately whole body protein must be sacrificed to free these glucogenic amino acids so they may be synthesized into glucose. Break down protein for energy: if protein catabolism were to continue at this rate, DEATH would occur w/in 3 weeks, regardless of the amount of stored fat a person might have. |
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AI
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Based on observed or experimentally determined estimates
-Set for some vitamins, choline, some minerals -Planned for children under the age of 1 |
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RDA. THere is __RDA for importnat nutrients
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-Recommendations for intake of kcalories and nutrients at risk for deficiency - protein, vitamins, and minerals.
-Amount to prevent deficiency and chronic diseases -the average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 %) HEALTHY individuals -Based on EARS or estimated average requirements (RDA=EAR x 1.2) -RDA for only 19 of the important nutrients |
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DRI
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Designed to promote health as well as prevent nutrient deficiencies.
-New nutrient recommendations (since 1998) Nutrient recommendations to prevent chronic diseases DRI set for all vitamins and minerals In the plans macronutrients, electrolytes, water and other components |
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DV, what is it used for? what is it based on?
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-Nutrient reference values used for nutrition labeling
Based primarily on the 1968 RDA values |
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UL
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-highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population
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What are the four standards with DRI?
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Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Adequate Intake (AI) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) |
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what is a semi-vegetarian diet?
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These 'vegetarians' eat all types of foods in their diet - including meat. However these individuals limit the amount of animal products they consume
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what is lacto-vegetarians?
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They avoid all animal products except for dairy products in their diet.
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what is Lacto-ovo vegetarians?
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This type of vegetarian diet excludes all meat except for dairy and eggs.
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what are vegans?
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These are the 'hard-core" vegetarians who avoid all animal products in their diet, such as meats, dairy products, and eggs. The vegan diet rely on lentils, beans, soy products etc..
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