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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the four structures involved in all frontal-subcortical circuits (direct connections)
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CSGT:
1. Cortex (Frontal) 2. Striatum 3. Globus Pallidus/substantia nigra 4. Thalamus |
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Name the two frontal-subcortical circuts involved in motor movement
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1. MOTOR(supplementary area): General control of preparatory (premovement) activity and serial/parallel processing of movements initiated in the cortex.
2. OCULOMOTOR(frontal eye fields): system for orienting the head and eyes to the environment. |
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Personality Change is the hallmark of what Frontal lobe disorder?
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Damage to Orbitofrontal Circuit
Personality changes include: irritability, lability, fatuous euphoria, inappropriate response to social cues, undue familiarity,lack of empathy. |
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Name 3 symptoms of damage to the Dorsolateral Circuit:
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Symptoms may include:
a. Poor organizational strategies b. Poor memory search strategies c. Stimulus-bound behavior /environmental dependency d. Impaired set shifting & maintenance e. Verbal-manual dissociation |
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Bilateral lesions to this frontal lobe circuit causes akinetic mutism
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Anterior Cingulate Circuit
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Damage to this frontal-subcortical circuit causes an apathetic presentation.
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Anterior Cingulate Circuit
A= Apathetic Symptoms include: psychic emptiness, poverty of spontaneous speech, indifference to pain, poor response inhibition, reduced creative thought |
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_________ is the excitatory neurotransmitter involved in the connections between the Frontal Cortex and Striatum.
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Glutamate
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__________ is the inhibitory transmitter involved in the connections between the Striatal structures and the Globus Pallidus/Substantia Nigra
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GABA
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The Caudate and the Putamen are both structures in the ________.
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Striatum
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Aquired OCD can result in lesions to this frontal-subcortical circuit.
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Orbital Frontal Circuit
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All of the direct circuits in the Frontal-subcortical circuts are mediated by ____________.
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Indirect circuits
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How do the direct and indirect frontal-subcortical circuits impact the thalamus differently?
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The Direct connection DISinhibits the thalamus.
The Indirect connection INhibits the thalamus. |
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What are "closed" and "open" loops in the frontal subcortical circuits?
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All 5 circuits have a "closed" loop:
Frontal cortex > Striatum > GP/SN > Thamalus (loops back to Frontal Cortex) Also "open" elements in each circuit: allows for posterior association cortices to affect frontally mediated behavior or to serve as communiction points between the circuits. |