From Practice Exams Review Points

Front 1

cyclic bleeding (menstrual type), chocolate cysts
presents as severe menstrual related pain

Back 1

endometriosis
often results in infertility

Front 2

DM most imp monthly care?

Back 2

foot inspection

Front 3

cadherins

Back 3

calcium dep transmembrane protein participates in desmosome formation via interaction with other cadherins

Front 4

tyrosine kinase receptor

Back 4

dimerizes

Front 5

euphoria, psychomotor agitation, impiared judgment, tachycardia, pupillary dilatation, hallucinations (including tactile), sudden cardiac death

Back 5

cocaine abuse

Front 6

temporal lobe encephalitis

Back 6

HSV

Front 7

PTSD vs acute stress disorder

Back 7

length of time
PTSD >1mo

Front 8

hypersensitivity vasculitis is

Back 8

leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Front 9

germinal matrix bleed

Back 9

common seen in low birth weight premature infants

Front 10

palmitoylation

Back 10

anchors receptor carboxyl tails to plasma membrane

Front 11

bronze diabetes

Back 11

hemachromatosis

Front 12

rouleaux formation

Back 12

multiple myeloma

Front 13

thalassemia is what type of anemia?

Back 13

microcytic

Front 14

sertoli cells produce

Back 14

androgen binding protein
inhibin

Front 15

PAF signals

Back 15

Gq/IP3

Front 16

ischemic colitis associated with?

Back 16

cardiovascular disease

Front 17

bile salts can act as microbicidal emulsifying agent

Back 17

disrupts outer membrane in G- enteric bacilli

Front 18

lactulose treats

Back 18

hepatic encephalopathy (acidifies GI)

Front 19

peripheral artery disease in DM

Back 19

thin skin, calf claudication

Front 20

anemia induced cardiac compromise needs initial treatment with?

Back 20

blood transfusion
then address underlying problem

Front 21

unmyelinated nerve fibers

Back 21

autonomic postganglionic

Front 22

what part of MHC protein removed during Ag processing?

Back 22

invariant chain

Front 23

MC defect in beta oxidation (fasting hypoglycemia+hypoketosis)

Back 23

medium chain acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency

Front 24

teardrop cell

Back 24

myeloid metaplasia

Front 25

high potency antipsychotics

Back 25

haloperidol
trifluperazine
fluphenazine
"Hal Tried to Fly Flu"
(neurologic SE)

Front 26

low potency antipsychotics

Back 26

thioridazine, chlorpromazine
(non neuro SE)

Front 27

ebstein's anomaly

Back 27

tricuspid valve displaced toward apex of RV

increased risk for women taking lithium in first trimester

Front 28

coronary steal

Back 28

collateral microvessels dilated and steals O2 from coronaries, worsens ischemia

Front 29

E. coli K-1 Ag

Back 29

neonatal meningitis

Front 30

MCC death for DM

Back 30

MI

Front 31

strongest risk factor for osteoporosis

Back 31

genetics

Front 32

>3 mo consumption fenfluramine/phentermine?

Back 32

increased risk pulm HTN, cor pulmonale

Front 33

bupropion SE

Back 33

stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia), headache, SEIZURES IN BULEMICS
no sexual SE

Front 34

MC bacterial arthritis?

Back 34

N. gonorrhoeae

Front 35

enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B
sigmoidoscopy reveals yellow/white plaques

Back 35

C. difficile

Front 36

suspensory ligament contains

Back 36

ovarian vessels

connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

Front 37

transverse (cardinal) ligament contains

Back 37

uterine vessels
connects cervix to side wall of pelvis

Front 38

round ligament of uterus contains

Back 38

nothing
connects uterus to labia majora through inguinal canal

Front 39

broad ligament contains

Back 39

ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligaments of uterus

connects uterus, fallopian tubes/ovaries to pelvic side wall

Front 40

ligament of ovary

Back 40

connects ovary to uterus

Front 41

normal QRS, absent P waves, where is cardiac pacemaker?

Back 41

AV node

Front 42

ACE inh induced angioedema

Back 42

bradykinin

Front 43

acanthosis nigricans indicates

Back 43

benign--insulin resistance
malignant--GI/GU neoplasia

Front 44

bioavailability indicates

Back 44

absorption NOT Vd

Front 45

Vd can be decreased by

Back 45

increase MW
increase charge
increase hydrophobiicity
increased binding to albumin

all trap drug in plasma compartment

Front 46

FA oxidation inhibition

Back 46

shifts E production to glucose oxidation resulting in O2 efficiency

decreased O2 demand, decreased FA metabolite production

Front 47

HbS mutation

Back 47

glutamic acid to valine (point mutation)
promotes hydrophobic interaction among Hb molecules, polymerizes HbS

Front 48

strawberry juvenile hemangioma growth pattern?

Back 48

first increases in size then decreases

Front 49

anal fissure location

Back 49

below dentate line, posterior midline

Front 50

first line Tx HF + previous MI?

Back 50

ACE inhibitor
blocks remodeling of heart
also beta blocker is useful

Front 51

path of AAA

Back 51

intimal fatty streaks (atherosclerosis)

Front 52

mycoplasma pneumoniae protein

Back 52

surface P1 protein similar to RBC Ag (cold agglutinins)
clearance via IgA, IgG

Front 53

fibronectin

Back 53

integrins interact with ECM via binding collagen, fibronectin, laminin

Front 54

clara cell function

Back 54

protect bronchiolar epithelium
secrete clara cell secretory protein
detox via P450

Front 55

mt inheritance pattern diseases?

Back 55

leber optic neuropathy
myoclonic epilepsy with red ragged fibers
MELAS

Front 56

MCAD def

Back 56

hypoglycemia + hypoketonemia

Front 57

skeletal muscle carnitine def

Back 57

myogobinemia
weakness following exercise, increased muscle TG, hypoketonemia

Front 58

I-131 thearpy inhibited by?

Back 58

anion inhibitors (perchlorate, pertechnetate) block iodide absorption by thyroid via competitive inhibition

Front 59

sarcoidosis

Back 59

increased CD4
increased CD4:8 in broncholavage

Front 60

N. meningitides vaccine made of

Back 60

capsular polysaccharide

Front 61

INH half life depends on

Back 61

acetylation

Front 62

where is area postrema (CTZ) located?

Back 62

dorsal medulla near 4th ventricle

Front 63

how to treat manic episode?

Back 63

mood stabilizer:
lithium (monitor TSH)
valproic acid (liver transaminases)
carbamazepine

Front 64

how to differentiate from primary vs psychogenic DI?

Back 64

DI does not have change in urine osm when deprived of water

Front 65

marfan defect

Back 65

fibrillin 1 component of microfibrils (forms sheath around elastin fiber)

Front 66

lithium tox can occur when administered with

Back 66

NSAID, thiazides

Front 67

cause of aseptic meningitis

Back 67

enteroviruses (coxsackie, ECHO)

Front 68

normal changes in heart

Back 68

sigmoid shape septum
lipofuscin

Front 69

chronic mesenteric ischemic result of

Back 69

atherosclerosis

Front 70

pyrazinamide requires what to be active drug

Back 70

acidic environment

Front 71

rhomboid crystals

Back 71

calcium pyrophosphate

Front 72

treatment for homocysteinuria?

Back 72

B6

Front 73

N myc is what kind of protein

Back 73

transcription factor

Front 74

k-RAS is what kind of protein

Back 74

G protein, cell signaling
pancreatic CA

Front 75

young child with ARF (oliguria) + thrombocytopenia + microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

Back 75

HUS

Front 76

stab wound into chest at L 12th rib

Back 76

L lung injury

Front 77

transamination reactions require what

Back 77

B6

Front 78

cross sectional study can measure

Back 78

disease prevalence
no implications toward causality

Front 79

verapamil

Back 79

slows diastolic depolarization

Front 80

finasteride treats

Back 80

BPH and baldness

Front 81

orthopnea indication of

Back 81

L sided HF

Front 82

what kinds of proteins processed through RER vs free ribosomes?

Back 82

RER--secretory proteins
free ribosomes--cytosolic proteins

Front 83

DKA+black eschar+facial pain+headache

Back 83

mucor
need histology/mucus sample to diagnose

Front 84

simvastatin

Back 84

decreases cholesterol synthesis in liver

Front 85

cholestyramine

Back 85

increases cholesterol use to make more bile acids

Front 86

stop codons recognized by

Back 86

releasing factors
NOT empty tRNA

Front 87

bisphosphonates

Back 87

structural analog of pyrophosphate (part of hydroxyapatite)

Front 88

nitrogen atoms in urea molecule from

Back 88

NH3 + aspartate (urea cycle)

Front 89

N acetyl glutamate promotes what enzyme in urea cycle?

Back 89

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Front 90

DCC vs APC

Back 90

DCC--final step of transformation toward CA
APC--emergence of small polyps, sporadic colon CA, found in all familial polyposis syndromes

Front 91

what organ has highest O2 demand in body?

Back 91

heart

Front 92

what location has lowest O2 requirement?

Back 92

coronary sinus

Front 93

eosinophils produce what type of protein to protect from helminths?

Back 93

major basic protein--anti helminthic toxin damages epithelial and endothelial cells

Front 94

C peptide

Back 94

packaged in secretory granules with insulin

Front 95

contact dermatitis

Back 95

spongiosis

Front 96

CF defect

Back 96

protein folding and glycosylation
degraded before reaching cell surface

Front 97

neonate with HBV from mother

Back 97

increased risk chronic infection
increased HBV replication
mild hepatic injury

Front 98

what sugar has highest rate metabolism in glycolysis?

Back 98

fructose

Front 99

actin filaments are anchored to

Back 99

Z lines

Front 100

flutamide MOA

Back 100

nonsteroidal competitive inh of androgens at testosterone R

for prostate CA

Front 101

rabies vaccine

Back 101

killed vaccine

Front 102

toxic megacolon

Back 102

UC

Front 103

maternity blues

Back 103

self limited, watchful waiting
dont immediately Rx antidepressants

Front 104

lipid A

Back 104

toxic component of LPS (not actively secreted)

Front 105

FFA and TG

Back 105

increases insulin resistance in overweight people

Front 106

L kidney location

Back 106

immediately deep to tip of 12th rib

Front 107

envelope of this virus derived from nuclear membrane (vs plasma membrane)

Back 107

HSV

Front 108

loss of follow up for prospective studies causes what type bias

Back 108

selection bias

Front 109

vitamin B6 interaction with parkinson's drug

Back 109

increases peripheral metabolism levodopa

Front 110

tyrosine kinase activates

Back 110

MAP-kinase, RAS phosphorylation, EGF/PDGF/FGF pathway

Front 111

JAK-STAT pathway

Back 111

GH, prolactin, IL-2

Front 112

disease progression of mutations in developing colon CA

Back 112

normal to small polyp (APC mut)
smal polyp to increased size (k-ras mut)
increased size to malig (p53, DCC mut)

Front 113

how do osteocytes communicate in children?

Back 113

gap junction

Front 114

skin infection without pus formation
delayed umbilical detachment, poor wound healing

Back 114

LAD-1 def

Front 115

rate of binding of cardiac antiarrhythmics

Back 115

1B>1A>1C

Front 116

acute necrotizing pancreatitis caused by

Back 116

trypsin activation

Front 117

causes of hepatic encephalopathy?

Back 117

GI bleed

Front 118

MC symptom after VZV reactivation

Back 118

postherpetic neuralgia (pain)

Front 119

long QT syndrome can be associated with

Back 119

neurosensory deafness

Front 120

don't use chlorpheniramine with

Back 120

benzos

Front 121

persistent, nonbizarre belief system lasting >1 mo
functioning otherwise not impaired, self limited

Back 121

delusional disorder

Front 122

absolute risk reduction?

Back 122

prob even rate (control) - prob event rate (treatment)

Front 123

RBC casts + proteinuria (<1 g/d)

Back 123

nephritic syndrome

Front 124

glomangioma (often found under fingernails)

Back 124

thermoregulatory system affected
painful

Front 125

prevent tetanus in newborn?

Back 125

vaccinate mother during pregnancy to passively administer Abs across placenta

Front 126

Hep B "ground class" appearance

Back 126

finely granular eosinophilic appearance

Front 127

tamoxifen SE

Back 127

increased risk endometrial CA
thromboembolic disease
(helps with osteoporosis)

Front 128

what drug decreases formation of FAP?

Back 128

COX-2 inhibitors approved by FDA for FAP