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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transcription
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The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
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Messenger RNA
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carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machine of the cell
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Translation
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The synthesis of a polypeptide under the direction of mRNA
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Ribosomes
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The site of mRNA translation
Complex particles that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids into poly peptide chains |
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Primary transcript
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The initial RNA transcript from any gene, including those coding for RNA that is not translated into protein
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Central Dogma
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DNA -->RNA -->Protein
w/ rare exception - some RNA can serve as template for DNA |
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Triplet Code
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A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specify the amino acids for polypeptide chains
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Template Strand
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One of the two DNA strands which provides the pattern for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. Complementary DNA strands function as templates for different genes.
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Codons
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mRNA triplets - 3-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal.
The basic unit of the genetic code |
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Nucleotide
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The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
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A
T C G U |
Adenine
Thymine (DNA) Cytosine Guanine Uracil (mRNA) |
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Termination codons
(stop signals) |
UAA
UAG UGA |
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Start
or Met (methionine) |
AUG
Signals protein synthesizing mechanism to begin translating mRNA at that location. (poly-pept chains beging with met but and enzyme may remove it later) |
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Redundancy in the Genetic Code means
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Two codons can specify the same amino acid
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No Ambiguity in the Genetic Code means
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No codon specifies more than one amino acid
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The Promoter
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The DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription
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The Terminator
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In bacteria the sequence that signals the end of transcription
(different in eukaryotes) |
