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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of the French Revolution
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-French people rose up against the king & the wealthy
-Rev. was political, social, religious, & economic as it swept away the existing political institutions & aimed @ establishing a more egalitarian society & responsible govt. |
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When did the French Rev. begin & end?
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-Began w/ the fall of the Bastille & ended when Napoleoon took power in 1799
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What did kind Louis XVI do to weaken France economically, as well as politically?
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-His highly expensive wars & lavish lifestyle
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Policy of Repression
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-strict press censorship
-arbitrary imprisonment of those seeking reform -banning & burning of books critisizing the govt. -thus, endangering personal liberty in France |
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Political Causes
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-French rulers were not interested in welfare of the people
-they created a huge debt and ruined economy by... -engaging in wars of ego -living lavish lifestyles -As a result, the people were extremelly displeased |
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Social Causes
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-French society was unfair & unjust
-French society was divided into 3 social classes, or estates |
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The First Estate
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-The clergy
-1% of the clergy owned 20% of the land -Exempt from most taxes |
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The Second Estate
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-The nobility
-2% of society owned 40% of land -Held imp. govt. & military positions -Exempt from most taxes -Lived life of luxary & ease |
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The Third Estate
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-Bourgeoisie (17% of society)
-middle class merchants & proffessionals -despised by 1st 2 estates -Peasants(80% of society) -paid 50% of their income in taxes -paid dues to nobles, tithes to the church, sales taxes to the king -life of misery, discrimination, & humilitation |
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Economic Causes of Rev.
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-Unfair taxes
-Mishandled national economy -royal treasury emptied by 1786 -While French peasants were starving & dying, nobles were enjoying themselves |
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Religious & other causes of Rev.
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-Religious intolerance persisted
-Influence of Enlightenment philosophers -Influence of the English & the American Revs. |
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Estates General
(clergy:300, nobility:300, 3rd estate:600 reps) |
-May 5th, 1789-King Louis XVI convenes this ancient assembly in order to raise taxes
-voters drafted petitions of grievance |
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National Assembly: 1789-1791
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-3rd estate declares itself the "Assembly of the Nation," June 17, 1789
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-June 29th, 1789-
Tennis Court Oath |
-Nat. Ass. resolves not to disband until it has written a constitution
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-July 14, 1789-
Bastille |
-Bastille stormed & taken by a Paris mob
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-July 19-Aug. 3, 1789-
Great Fear |
-Peasants attack noble manors
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-Aug. 4, 1789-
Jacobin Club Formed |
-Nobles in National assembly renounce feudal rights
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-Aug. 27, 1789-
Declaration of the Rights of Man |
-Assembly issues "Declaration of the Rights of Man."
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-Oct. 5-6, 1789-
King Louis brought to Paris |
-King Louis brought from Versailles to Tuileries palace in Paris
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-July 12, 1790-
Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
-Assembly issues "Civil Constitution of the Clergy," requiring elections & oaths
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Religious & Other Causes
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-Religious intolerance persisted
-Influence of Enlightenment philosophers -Influence of the English and American Revs. |
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Estates General
(Clergy:300, Nobility:300, 3rd estate:600 reps) |
-May 5th, 1789:King Louis XVI convenes this ancient assembly in order to raise taxes
-During election process, voters traditionally draft petitions of grievance |
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National Assembly: 1789-1791
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-3rd estate declares itself the "Assembly of the Nation," June 17, 1789.
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-June 29, 1789-
Tennis Court Oath |
-Nat. Ass. not to disband until it has written a constitution.
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-July 14, 1789-
Bastille |
-Bastille stormed & taken by a Paris mob
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-July 19-Aug. 3, 1789-
Great Fear |
-Peasants attack noble minors
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-Aug. 4, 1789-
Jacobin Club Formed |
-Nobles in National Assembly renounce feudal rights
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-Aug. 27, 1789-
Declaration of the Rights of Man |
-Assembly issues "Declaration of the Rights of Man."
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-Oct. 5-6, 1789-
King Louis XVI brought to Paris |
-King Louis XVI brought from Versailles to Tuileries palace in Paris
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-July 12, 1790-
Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
-Assembly issues "Civil Constitution of the Clergy," requiring elections and oaths
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-June 20-21, 1791-
King flees & is caught |
-King flees to Austria, is caught at Varennes
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-Aug. 27, 1791-
Declaration of Pillnitz |
-Austria & Prussia call for support of French King
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-Sept. 1791-
Constitution & elections |
-National Assembly issues Constitution; elections are held
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Legislative Assembly: October 1791-August 1792
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-Constitutional govt. by elected officials
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-Apr. 20, 1792-
France declares war |
...on Austria & Prussia
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-Aug. 10, 1792-
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-Paris mob storms Assembly
-Commune siezes Assembly -Legislative Assembly falls -Minister of justice Danton purges thousands of presumed traitors |
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-Sept. 20, 1792-
French army stops Prussians & Austrians |
...@ Valmy (Belgium)
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National Convention: Sept. 1792-1795
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-elected by universal male suffrage to rewrite constitution
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-Sept. 21, 1792-
Abolishes monarchy & declares France a Rep. |
-Convention abolishes monarchy & declares France a Rep.
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-Oct. 1792-
Rev. calendar |
-Revolutionary calendar introduced; Sept. 22, 1792, day 1.
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-Jan. 21, 1793-
King is executed |
-Convention condemns & executes the King
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-Feb. 1793-
Convention declares war |
-Convention declares war on 1st coalition of Austria, Prussia, Britain, Holland, and Spain.
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-Feb. 1793-
Counter-revolutionary revolt |
-Counter-revolutionary revolt in the "Vendee" begins
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-March 1793-
Reign of Terror |
...by Commitee of Public Safety (Robespierre) begins
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-Aug. 23, 1793-
Levy-in-Mass |
-"Levy-in-Mass," (military draft) instituted
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-Fall 1793-
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-Price controls, de-Christianization, administrative reform
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-Apr. 4, 1794-
Danton executed |
-Danton executed
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-June 26, 1794-
French victory |
...over Austrians at Fleurus (Belgium)
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-July 28, 1794-
"Thermidor" |
-Robespierre executed, end of terror
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-Feb. 21, 1795-
Churches reopened |
-Churches reopened
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-Aug. 22, 1795-
New Constitution adopted |
-New constitution is adopted, forming the Directory
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Directory: 1795-1799
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-New Constitution has 2 houses: Council of Ancients and Council of 500
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-Oct. 5, 1795-
"Whiff of Grapeshot" saved directory |
-Napoleon's "Whiff of Grapeshot," saved the Directory from a royalist mob
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-Sept. 4, 1797-
Coup d' état removes royalists from Directory |
-Coup d' état removes royalists from Directory
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-Oct. 17, 1797-
French defeat Austrians |
...in Northern Italy & make peace
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-1798-
French capture and are defeated |
-French capture Switzerland, Rome, & Naples; suffer bad defeat in Egypt (Aug.1)
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-Spring 1799-
2nd coalitions drive French army back |
-2nd coalitin of Austria, Russia, Turkey, and Great Britain drive French army back
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-Nov. 9, 1799-
coup d' état abolishes Directory & establishes Consulate |
-Napoleon's coup d' état abolishes Directory & establishes Consulate
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Consulate: 1799-1804
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-Constitution of 1800 has executive of 3 consuls
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-1801-1802-
Napoleon makes peace |
...w/ Austria & Britain , Concordant w/ the pope
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-1803-
Renewed war w/ Britain |
-Renewed war w/ Britain
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-1804-
Napoleonic Code |
...promulgated
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Empire: 1804-1815
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-Napoleon crowns himself emperor
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-1805-
3rd coalition moves against France |
-3rd coalition (Austria, Britain, & Russia) moves against France
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-1805-1809-
French victories, Reps., Spain resists |
-French victories
-"Republics" set up throughout Europe -Spain resists |
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-1812-
Major defeat in Russia |
-Napoleon suffers major defeat in Russia (40,000 of 611,000 survive)
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-1814-
France is defeated; Napoleon sent to Elba |
-Austria, Britain, Prussia, & Russia defeat France
-Napoleon sent to Elba |
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-Mar. 1815-
Napoleon returns to France |
...for "100 days"
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-June 18, 1815-
Napleon is defeated by British & Prussians; Louis 18th restored |
-British & Prussians defeat Napoleon @ Waterloo
-Louis 18th restored |
