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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Old Regime
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The social and political system of France that existed before the revolution.
Consisting of the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Estate. |
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1st Estate
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Owned 10% of the land in France. Provided education & relief services to the poor & contributed about 2% of its income to the govt.
CLERGY |
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2nd Estate
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2% of population.
20% of land. Paid almost no taxes. NOBLES & LAND-OWNERS |
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3rd Estate
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About 97%.
PEASANTS, WORKERS, & BOURGEOSISE |
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Tithe
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A churhc tax, normally about 1/10 of a familie's income.
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Bourgeosise
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Middle class.
Bankers, factory owners, merchants, etc. Well educated & believed strongly in the enligthenment ideas. Even though some were as rich as nobles, they paid high taxes and lacked privilages. Part of the 3rd estate. |
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Enlightenment Ideas
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New views about power and authority in govt were spreading among the 3rd estate. Inspired by the success of the amercian revolution they began questioning long-standing notions about the structure of society.
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Louis XVI (16)
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During the 1770s & 1780s, France's govt sank deeply into debt. Part of the problem was the extravogant spending of him. Also inherited a considerable debt from previous kings. Also borrowed heavily in order to help the Americian revolutionaries in their war against Great Britain.
MORE interested in hunting. |
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Marie Antoinette
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Louis XVI's wife.
Always offered Louis poor advice. Since she was a member of the royal family of Austria, France's long time enemy. She had been unpopular form the moment she set foot in France. As queen, she spent so much money on gown's, jewels, gambling, & gifts that she became known as "Madame Deficit" |
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Estates-General
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An assemly of representatives from all 3 estates of social classes, in France.
Ordered to follow medival rules. Each estate got 1 vote. But the 1st & 2nd estate always won... |
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Versailles
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Estates-General met here, the first 175 years, was held on May 5, 1789. Louis sides with the nobles and insist on traditional rules.
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National Assembly
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A french congress established by representatives of the 3rd estate on June 17, 1789 to enact laws & reforms in the name of the French people. Voting for men of property
*Ends absolute monarchy in France.* 1st deliberate Act of the Revolution |
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Abbe Sieyes
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A leading spokesperson. Clergyman sympathetic to their cause. Suggested that the 3rd delegates name themselves the national assembly.
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Tennis Court Oath
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A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
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Bastille
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A Paris Prison.
July 14-mob stormed and overwelmed guards seizing control of the building. A day name after it. (Kinda like the 4th of July in the U.S.) |
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Adopted by the national assembly. Stated that men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
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Olympe de Gauges
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Published the declaration of the rights of woman.
Rejected... 1793-Declared an enemy of the revolution and executed. |
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Legislative Assembly
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A french congress with the power to create laws and approve declorations of war, established by the Constitution of 1791.
Factions: left-want change // right-little change // center doesn't care |
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Emigres
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A person who leaves his native country for political reasons.
Like nobles and others who fled france during the peasants uprisings of the French Revolution. Supported old ways. |
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Sans-culottes
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A radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners & small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in govt, lower prices, and an end to food shortages.
"those without knee breeches." |
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Sans-culottes
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A radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners & small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in govt, lower prices, and an end to food shortages.
"those without knee breeches." |
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Jean-Paul Marat
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SICKLY.
Writings stirred up the violent mood in paris. Wrote a newspaper called L'ami du Peuple. |
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Charlotte Corday
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A supporter of a rival faction whose members had been jailed, gained an audience with Marat by pretending to have information about traitors.
KILLED JEAN-PAUL MARAT ...Guillotine |
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National Convention
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Took office on Sept. 21. Delcared French a REPUBLIC. Adult citizens were granted the right to VOTE and HOLD OFFICE. No women...
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Jacobins
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Radical political organization.
a member of the radical movement that instituted the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution |
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Girondists
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Primary rivals of the Jacobins. More moderate.
Less radical. |
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Guillotine
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A machine for beheading people, used as a means of executing during the French Revolution.
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George Donton
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Lawyer.
Most talented & passionate of the JACOBINS. Early leader of the Jacobins. SPEAKER. Spoke for the poor ppl of paris. |
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Valmy
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the French defeated the Austrian and Prussian troops in 1792(Saved Paris)
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Levee en Masse
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DRAFT.
300,000 citizens drafted. Men ages 18-40. By 1794: 800,000 (women also) |
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Robespierre
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JACOBIN leader. Gained power in the early months of 1793.Set out to build a "republic of virtue."
Head of the Commitee of Public safety. |
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Cult of Reason
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Changed the calendar.
Had no Sundays Closed all churches. |
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Reign of Terror
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Mid 1793 to mid 1794 when MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERE ruled France nearly as a DICTATOR & 1000s of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed.
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Republic of Virtue
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Complete wipe out of every trace of France's past.
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Committee of Public Safety
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Robespierre was the leader.
Task was to protect the revolution from enemies. (set up by the National Convention) |
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Directory
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It placed power firmly in the hands of the upper middle class.
Called for 2 HOUSE LEGISLATIVE & a executive body of 5 MEN. (1795) Made the govt more stable. |
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Napolean Bonaparte
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Appointed Commander of the Interior.
Lead army into Italy. |
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Coup d'etat
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A sudden seizure of political power in a nation. "Blow the state"
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Horatio Melson
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British admiral.
Defeated Napolean's army in EGYPT. Was brilliant in warfare at SEA. |
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Plebiscite
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A DIRECT VOTE in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
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Lycees
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a govt run public SCHOOL in France.
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Concordat
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Agreement b/t the pope and the govt.
Signed with Pope Pius VII. Gained Napolean the support of the organized church as well as the majority of the French people. |
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Napoleonic Code
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A comprehensive & uniform system of laws established for france by Napolean. Eliminated many injustices.
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St. Dominque
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8% white, 5% gens de couleur, 87% slaves
1 of the richest colonies. 1/3 of French trade. Demanded the National Assembly to give them the same privileges as the people of France. |
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Toussaint L'ouverture
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Lead the enslaved African & seized control of the colony.
Organizes revolt into an army. |
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Trafalger
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An 1805 naval battle in which Napolean's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.
(southwest coast of Spain) |
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Continental System
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Napolean's policy of preventing trade b/t Great Britain and Europe.
Intended to destroy Great Britains economy. Suppose to make Europe more self-sufficient. |
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Peninsular War
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Spanish rebels along with British forces fought to drive Napolean's French troops out of Spain in effort to get Portugal to accept the Continental System.
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Alexander I
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Napolean's ally. Russian czar. refused to stop selling grain to Britain.
As Napolean advanced trying to invade Russia. He pulled his troops back refusing to be lured into an unequal battle. |
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Guerrillas
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A member of the loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occuping his or her country.
Struck at French armies in Spain. Worked in small groups. |
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Scorched-Earth Policy
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Burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemey cannot live off the land. Alexander and his troops pulled back they did this so Napolean and his troops had nothing to eat.
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Louis XVIII
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Took throne after Napolean was exiled the 1st time.
Wanted to undo the revolutions land reforms. |
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Duke of Wellington
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Led a British army & prepared for battle near the village of Waterloo in Belgium.
Defeated napolean and his troops. |
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Elba
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Where Napolean was exiled to.
Then he escaped. |
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100 days
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When Napolean made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming EMPEROR of France.
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St. Helena
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A remote island in the SOuth Atlantic.
napoleon was exiled for the 2nd time to here. Spent 6 years there then died. |
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Waterloo
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Village in Belgium
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Congress of vienna
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A series of meetings.
During which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace & security after the defeat of Napoleon. Goal is stability of Europe. Form the Netherlands & German conferderation, Recog. Switzerland, and streghtened Sardina. |
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Klemens von Metternich
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Foreign minister of Austira.
Wanted to prevent future french aggression by surrounding France with strong countries. Wanted to restore royal families. Restore Balance of Power |
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Legitimacy
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The hereditary right of the monarch to rule. Allowing rulers whom Napoleon had drven from the throne be RESTORED to power.
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Holy Alliance
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A league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, & Prussia after Congress of Vienna.
Pleadged to base their relations with other nations on Christian principles in order to combat the forces of revolution. |
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Concert of Europe
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A series of alliances amonf European nations in the 19th century, devised by PRINCE KLEMENS VON METTERICH to prevent the outbreak of revolutions.
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Nationalism
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Based on common history culture.
Love for ones country. |
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Peninsulares
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People who were born in Spain.
tiny %. Could hold office. Wealthy. |
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Creoles
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Spaniards who were born in Latin America.
Below the peninsulares. Could NOT hold high politcal office, BUT could rise as officers in Spanish armies. Wealthy & educated. (kinda like the bourgeosie.) |
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Metizos
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Below both the peninsulares and the creoles.
A person of mixed Europeon and Indian ancestry. |
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Miguel de Hidalgo
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A priest in a small village of Dolores. Took the 1st steps toward independence. Poor but well educated.
Firmly beleived in enlightenment ideas. Issued a call for REBELLION AGAINST THE SPANISH. Organized lower class against Spanish. defeated in 1815 by Iturbide. |
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Simon Bolivar
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A wealthy Venezuelan CREOLE general. Liberador. Called George Washington of the South America.
Country named after him, Bolivia. |
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Don Pedro
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Brazil's royal liberator.
King Jon's son. Signed a petition asking him to rule. He agreed. He officially declared Brazil's independence in Sept. 7, 1822 |
