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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the new royal director-general of finances, Swiss banker, produced a public report in 1781 that suggested the situation was not so bad as he feared, argued that if the expenditures for the American war were removed the budged was in surplus, report also revealed that a large portion of royal expenditures went to pensions for aristocrats and other royal court favors, revelations angered court aristocrats circles and Necker soon left office, his financial sleight of hand made it more difficult for gov officials to claim a real need to raise new taxes
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Jacques Necker
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Nominated by the royal ministry from the upper ranks of the aristocracy and the church, Calonne came before the Assembly in 1787 to get support for his finance plans but it refused to give it, there was some agree that reform and greater fairness in taxation was necessary but the Assembly did not trust the information they had received from Calonne, in his place they called for the reappointment of Necker, finally they claimed only the Estates General of France a medieval institution that hadn’t met until 1614 could consent to new taxes, the notables believed that calling the Estates General would actually allow the nobility to have a direct role in governing alongside the monarchy
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Assembly of Notables
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The Estates
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1st: clergy
2nd: nobility 3rd: basically everyone else, but most reps were drawn from wealthy members of the commercial and professional middle classes |
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Doubling the third: in the face of widespread public uproar over the aristocratic effort to dominate composition and procedures of the estates general, the royal council eventually decided that strengthening the third estate would best serve the interests of the monarchy and the cause of fiscal reform. In December 1788, the council announced the third estate would elect twice as many representatives as either the nobles or the clergy. This so called doubling of the third estate meant it could easily dominate the estates general if voting proceeded by head rather than by order. The council correctly assumed that liberal nobles and clergy would support the third estate, confirming that despite social differences these groups shared important interests and reform goals. The method of voting had not yet been decided when the estates general gathered at Versailles in May 1789.
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Vote by order, vote by head
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the royal session of the general for June 23 and closed the room where the national assembly had been gathering (Louis XVI closed it off). On June 20. Finding themselves thus unexpectedly locked out of their usual meeting place, the national assembly moved to a nearby tennis court. There they took an oath to continue to sit until they had given France a constitution. The king had now lost complete control over the national assembly. He requested that the first and second estates t meet with the national assembly where voting would occur by head rather than by order. The third estate however had twice as many members as either of the other estates that joined them. The national assembly renamed itself the national constituent assembly because of its intention to write a new constitution
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The Tennis Court Oath
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wide of Louis XVI. Lived a very lavish lifestyle. One of the reasons that France was in so much debt.
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Marie Antoinette
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it was an idea that swept the French countryside, the fear that royal troops would come and harm them, the peasants there for burned chateaux, destroyed legal documents and records, and to take back what they thought was theirs. For the most part they specifically targeted the aristocrats and ecclesiastical landlords.
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The Great Fear
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the National Constituent Assembly came together in hopes of restoring order, a few of the noble leaders (this was pre-planed) gave up their lands and titles, they also gave up fishing/ hunting rights, judicial authority and legal exemption. After this night all French citizens became equal.
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Decrees of August 4, 1789
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issued by the NCA (see above) on August 27, 1789, it said that all men were born free and equal, they had natural rights, in court innocent until proven guilty, freedom of religion, taxation depended on ability to pay, popular sovereignty.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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7,000 French women with guns, spikes, fire, swards march on Versailles and demand more bread
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Woman’s March (the October Days)1789
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again the NCA, they set up a constitutional monarchy, all the king was allowed to do was veto, but the Assembly had the power to go to war, taxes, and all other laws.
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Constitution of 1791
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was established to provide the nation with uniform weights and measures, was decreed by the French revolutionary government in 1795, was intended to bring the orse and simplicity of a system based on ten to the chaos of different weights and measures used in the various regions of pre-Revolutionary France
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The metric system
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government bonds authorized by the Assembly in December 1789, their value was guaranteed by the revenue to be generated from the sale of church property, initially a limit was set on the quantity of assignats to be issued, but they proved so acceptable to the public that they began to circulate as currency à the value began to fall and inflation increased putting new stress on the urban poor
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Assignats
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in July 1790, the National Constituent Assembly issued this, it transformed the Roman Catholic Church in France into a branch of the secular state, it reduced the number of bishoprics from 135 to 83, making one diocese for each of the new departments
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The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
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aristocrats that left France, eventually 16,000 they settled in countries near the French border, where they sought to foment counterrevolution
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Émigrés
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On the night of June 20, 1791, Louis and his immediate family, disguised as servants, left Paris, they traveled as far as Varennes on their wary to Metz in Eastern France where a royalist military force was waiting for them, the kind was recognized and his flight was halted, on June 24, a company of soldiers escorted the royal family back to Paris
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Flight to Varennes
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