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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intendants
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Officials appointed by and answerable to the Crown. They were responsible for police, justice and finance. They were also responsible for public works, communications, commerce and industry.
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Généralités
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34 areas into which France was divided for the purpose of collecting taxes and other administrative functions, and under the control of an 'intendant'.
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Tax Farming
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A system where the government agrees a tax assessment figure for an area, which is then collected by a company that bids for the right to collect it.
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Venality
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A system whereby certain jobs could be bought and transferred on to descendants.
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Guild
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An organisation that tightly controls entry into a trade.
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Corveé
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Unpaid labour service to maintain roads, in many places money replaced the service.
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Parlements
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Consisted of 13 high courts of appeal. All edicts handed down by the Crown could not be enforced until registered by the parlements.
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Livres
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The currency of France during the 'ancien régime'. One 'livre' was made up of 20 'sous'.
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Diocese
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An area served by a bishop. It is made up of a large number of parishes.
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Plurality
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The holding of more than one bishopric or parish by an individual.
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Cahiers
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Lists of grievances and suggestions for reform drawn up by respresentatives of each estate and each community and presented to the Estates-General for consideration.
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Versailles
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The vast and splendid palace built outside Paris by Louis the Fourteenth. Within the grounds Marie Antoinette had a small rural village built where she could pretend to be a simple peasant.
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Feudal Dues
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Either financial or work obligations imposed on the peasantry by landowners.
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Bourgeoisie
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Usually translated as middle class. In the eighteenth century it carried a much less precise meaning and applied mainly to those who lived in towns and made a living through their intellectual skills or business practices.
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Serfdom
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Part of the feudal system where the inhabitants of the land are the property of the landowner.
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Artisan
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A skilled worker or craftsman.
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Sans-culottes
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Literally those who wear trousers (workers) and not knee-breaches (bourgeoisie) and had implications regarding social class. Used as a label to identify the more extreme urban revolutionaries of 1792-5.
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Deficit
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When expenditure is greater than income it results in a...
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Pays d'états
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Areas that had local representative assemblies of the three estates that contributed to the assessment and collection of royal taxes.
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Estates-General
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A body that, in 1789, contained 939 representatives of all three estates of the realm- Church, nobility and Third Estate. It was only summoned in times of extreme national crisis, and last met in 1614.
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Politicisation
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A process when people who were previously unconcerned with politics take an active interest in political issues which affect their daily lives.
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Marxist interpretations
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The interpretation of the Revolution as part of Karl Marx's analysis of history as a series of class-based struggles, resulting in the triumph of the proletariat.
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Revisionist historians
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Historians who reject the Marxist analysis of the French Revolution and provide a revised interpretation.
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Social interpretations
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The emphasis on changes in society- population trends, social class- as having a significant impact upon the Revolution.
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