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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amendments
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formal changes or additions to bills, laws, treaties or constitutions
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First-order Civil Divisions
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the main territorial units within a country
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prefects
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administrators appointed by central government to implement, not make, policy
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Federal
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subnational governments ‘share’ sovereignty with national government.
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Unitary
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subnational units act as mere administrative branches of national government, no autonomy
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Problems with Unitary Systems
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Regional Discontent & Fragmentation
Policy ‘Paralysis’ Apathy or Alienation |
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Regional Discontent & Fragmentation
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geographically distinct ethnic, linguistic, or cultural minorities may feel unrepresented & oppressed
Center=country’s political capital Periphery=regions/cities outside the ‘centers of power’ |
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Policy ‘Paralysis’
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since central governments must apply policies uniformly across entire country, often reluctant to try something new since failure would have national impact
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Apathy or Alienation
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citizens may come to view central government as remote and unaccountable; results in either higher levels of electoral abstention
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electoral abstention
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failure or refusal of eligible voters to actually cast a ballot
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mutual desistance agreements
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informal accords between ideologically similar parties not to compete against each other in second round elections
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party family system
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system of loose, informal cooperation between parties of similar political orientation
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Advantages of Two Round Systems:
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More Choices/Broader Representation
Fosters More Stable Coalitions |
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Party Family of Left
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Socialist Party (PS)
Communist Party Greens |
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Party Family of Right
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(conservative parties on the Right are nicknamed “Gaullists” after Charles de Gaulle)
Union for Popular Movement (UMP) New Center (NC) |
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National Front
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Extreme Right anti-immigrant party headed by Jean Marie Le Pen with positions such as:
Forcible removal of 3 million ‘non-Europeans’ (i.e., Muslims, non-whites, etc.) from France Denial of Holocaust Government subsidies for each ‘French’ (i.e., white) baby born |
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Poujadism
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populist/conservative philosophy that is anti-establishment, anti-intellectual and xenophobic
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interest articulation
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process by which groups in society make demands on the political system
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Assimilation
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process whereby immigrants adopt the customs, values and traditions of their new country
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Secularism
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strict separation between private religious life and public political life
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‘Universalist’ Doctrine
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rejection of any official recognition of separate communities (i.e., everyone is French and only French)
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Banlieues
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term used to describe low-income, immigrant housing projects
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Flashpoints
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Headscarf Ban (2004)
Unemployment Discrimination |
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Protectionism
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restrictions on imports to shield domestic industries from foreign competition
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Neoliberalism
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unrestricted free-trade & little/no economic role for state
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Euroskeptics
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citizens and politicians opposed to European integration
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Polish plumber
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cheap immigrant labor
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Lisbon Treaty
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1. Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) broadened
2. Charter of Fundamental Rights made binding 3. Removal of Enlargement Limit 4. Exit Clause |
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QMV
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requirement of super-majorities in terms of countries [55%] and population [65%] to pass certain bills
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opt-outs
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negotiated agreements allowing a country to not be bound by certain EU policies/requirements
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