French Grammer From Chapter 1 Of Sur Le Vif

Front 1

Present of Payer

Back 1

je paye (paie)
tu payes (paies)
il paye (paie)
nous payons
vous payez
ils payent (paient)

Front 2

Subjunctive of Payer

Back 2

je paye (paie)
tu payes (paies)
il paye (paie)
nous payions
vous payiez
ils payent (painet)

Front 3

Future of Payer

Back 3

je payerai (paierai)
tu payeras (paieras)
il payera (paiera)
nous payerson (paierons)
vous payerez (paierez)
ils payeront (paieront)

Front 4

Conditional of Payer

Back 4

je payerais (paierais)
tu payerais (paierais)
il payerait (paierait)
nous payerions (paierions)
vous payeriez (paieriez)
ils payeraient (paieraient)

Front 5

Present of s'ennuyer

Back 5

je m'ennuie
tu t'ennuies
il s'ennuie
nous nous ennuyons
vous vous ennuyez
ils s'ennuient

Front 6

Subjunctive of s'ennuyer

Back 6

je m'ennuie
tu t'ennuies
il s'ennuie
nous nous ennuyions
vous vous ennuyiez
il s'ennuient

Front 7

Present Tense

Back 7

-used to tell about what is happening now
-make generalizations or speak about habitual actions
-indicate what is going to happen in the near future
-indicate waht is going to happen in the near future using aller + infinitive
-indicate what has just happened using venir de + infinitive
-indicate that an action which started in the past is continuing into the present, when used with the preposition depuis

Front 8

-er verbs

Back 8

-aimer, assister, discuter, étudier, passer, etc.
j'étudie
tu étudies
il étudie
nous étudions
vous étuidiez
ils étudient

Front 9

Verbs Whose Stems End in -g

Back 9

EX: partager=to divide
-add an e before the -ons ending in the nous form: partageons

Front 10

Verbs Whose Stem Ends in -c

Back 10

EX: commencer-to begin
-change the c to ç in the nous form: commençons

Front 11

Verbs with two stems: appeler, jeter, etc.

Back 11

-double l or the t in the stem for all but the nous and vous forms
j'appelle
tu appelles
il appelle
nous appelons
vous appelez
ils appellent

Front 12

Verbs with two stems: acheter, modeler, etc.

Back 12

-change e to è in the stem for all but the nous and vous forms
j'achète
tu achètes
il achète
nous achetons
vous achetez
ils achètent

Front 13

Verbs with two stems: préférer, sécher, etc.

Back 13

-change é to è in the stem for all the nous and vous forms
je préfère
tu préfères
il préfère
nous préférons
vous préférez
ils préfèrent

Front 14

-ir verbs

Back 14

-agir, choisir, finir, réussir, etc.
je réussis
tu réussis
il réussit
nous réussissons
vous réussissez
ils réussissent

Front 15

Dormir, Partir, Sentir, Sortir

Back 15

-to find the stem for their singular forms, drop the last 3 letters of the infinitive and add the regular ending for -ir verbs.
-for the plural forms, drop only the ending -ir from the infinitive and add -ons, -ez, and -ent
je dors
tu dors
il dort
nous dormons
vous dormez
ils dorment

Front 16

Couvrir, Offrir, Ouvrir, Souffrir

Back 16

-conjugated like -er verbs
j'offre
tu offres
il offre
nous offrons
vous offrez
ils offrent

Front 17

-re verbs

Back 17

-entendre, rendre, répondre, etc
-to conjugate, drop -re
je rends
tu rends
il rend
nous rendons
vous rendez
ils rendent

Front 18

Pronominal Verbs

Back 18

-pronominal or reflexive verbs are conjugated like nonreflexive verbs, but are accompanied by reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous , se) which refer back to the subject
EX: Je m'inscris dans ce cours.

Front 19

Reciprocal Verbs

Back 19

-pronominal verbs that express the idea that the subject and the object are doing something to each other
EX: Les étudiants se parlent=The students are talking to each other.

Front 20

Reflexive Verbs

Back 20

-pronominal verbs that express the idea that the subject is doing something to himself or herself
EX: Les enfants se calment=The children calm (themselves) down.
-Some verbs are used only reflexively-often untranslatable
EX: Ils se souviennent bien de leur premier professeur de français=They remember well their first French prof.
-Used to avoid passive construction
EX: Comment est-ce que cela se fait?=How is that done?

Front 21

Infinitive Usage

Back 21

-When one verb follows another, with no conjunction (like que) between them the first verb is conjugated and the second verb remains an infinitve
-When reflexive verbs are used as infinitives following a conjugated verb, the reflexive pronoun agrees with the subject of the main verb
-A verb appears in its infinitive form following a preposition
-After the preposition après, the past infinitive must be used
-can be subject of a sentence

Front 22

Past Infinitive Formation

Back 22

-the past infinitive is formed w/ the infinitive avoir or être + the past participle of the main verb
-past participle agrees w/ subject of the sentence
Present Past
étudier avoir étudie
rendre avoir rendu
rentrer être rentré(e)(s)
s'inscrire s'être inscrit(e)(s)

Front 23

Negating an Infinitive

Back 23

-both ne and pas (or other negative form) are placed in front of the infinitive
EX: Je bachote toute la nuit pour ne pas échouer à l'examen=I am cramming all night so I won't fail the exam

Front 24

Imperatives

Back 24

-used to give commands, orders, or even extend invitations
EX: Choisis les cours qui t'intéressent.
-Can soften the command w/ s'il te plaît (w/ familiar) or s'il vous plaît (w/ formal or plural)
EX: Explique-moi les devoirs, s'il te plaît.

Front 25

Imperative Formation

Back 25

-3 diff. forms you can use depending on whom you're addressing

Front 26

Imperative Formation: 2nd person singular

Back 26

-based on the -tu form of the present
-for commands given to someone you know well
EX: Réponds!
-er verbs (and those conjugated like -er verbs) drop the -s of the tu form:
EX: Ne parle pas!
-When -tu form is followed immediately by y or en, the ending -s is retained to make it easy to pronounce
EX: Vas-y!
-Pronominal verbs keep the reflexive pronoun. Te changes to toi when it follows the affirmative imperative
EX: Débrouille-toi! (se débrouiller)

Front 27

Imperative Formation: 1st person plural

Back 27

-based on nous form of the present
-for commands in which the speaker is including himself
EX: Assistons à cette conférence!

Front 28

Imperative Formation: 2nd person plural

Back 28

-based on vous form of the present
-for commands to more than one person or to someone you do not know well
EX: Ecoutez!

Front 29

Imperative: avoir

Back 29

Aie!
Ayons!
Ayez!

Front 30

Imperative: être

Back 30

Sois!
Soyons!
Soyez!

Front 31

Imperative: Savoir

Back 31

Sache!
Sachons!
Sachez!

Front 32

Negative Imperative

Back 32

-the ne precedes the verb and the pas (or other negative form) follows
-if there is a reflexive pronoung, it will appear after the ne, in front of the verb
EX: Ne vous disputez pas!

Front 33

Faire Causatif

Back 33

-to indicate that the subject is having something done (and not doing it himself) use the verb faire plus an infinitive
EX: Quand je m'endors en classe, le prof me fait écrire des phrases au tableau=When I fall asleep in class, the prof. makes me write sentences ont eh board
-can take a direct object, indirect object, indirect object pronoun or y
EX: Elle l'y a fait envoyer=She had it sent there.