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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was France divided into before the French Revolution?
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Provinces
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After the French Revolution, how many departments were created?
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90
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When was Paris divided into 5 departments?
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1960's
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How many departments are there in France now?
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95
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What is "le Province" in France?
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Everything besides Paris
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Did all of the old Provinces have the same power?
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les duchés de Normandie, Bretagne, Savoir, les comtés de Champagne, Province, and Acquitaine were an independent royaume under the Mérovingiens and the Carolingiens - a "state dans the state" a their head a duc or a comte also powerful and sometimes more powerful than the king
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What was the last great feudal ensemble and when did it end?
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Le duc de Bourgogne Charles le Temeraire, against Louis XI; ended at the end of the 15th century
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How did people in France identify themselves during and towards the end of the feudal period?
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Comment apaprtenant a une "nationa" provinciale, et pas commen "Francais"
(Only people from l"ile de France identified themselves as "Francais") |
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Why were departments established after the French Revolution?
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The revolution revait d'une Repblique "une et indivisible" and they couldn't les voir defavorablement, d'autant qu'delles rappellaient trop le system feodal on Jan. 15, 1790; also, departments were an entreprise de nivellement avec des tailles ou des populations comparables
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What is the name of a department named after a river and one named after a mountain?
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River - Rhone
Mountain - Hautes-Alpes |
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What are the license plate numbers for Paris and Marseille?
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Paris - 75
Marseille - 13 |
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What's the problem with the way departments are named?
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It's hard to identify yourself with a number or as an "Ere-et-Loirais;" easier to identify as an "Vosgien" or "Haut-Alpin"
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Describe the characteristics of N. France, S. France, E. France, and W. France
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N. France - populated, used to be separated by langue d'oc ou d'oil; today separated by climate of the ligne Bordeaux-Geneve
S. France - E. France - industrielle et tertiaire W. France - rurale and agricole |
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What englobant areas do the following apply to?
Ouest Est Midi Sud-Ouest Sud-Est |
Ourest - Bretagne et Pays de Loire
Est - Alsace et Lorraine Middi - Provence et Languedoc Sud-Ouest - Languedoc et Aquitaine Sud-Est - Provence et Rhone-Alpes |
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What is a region?
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Today, c'est d'abord identifiee par ses sites touristiques, montagnes, et bords de mer; all s'agit terms toponymiques ou geographiques, identified by tourism and gastronomie
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What is the only region not named after geography?
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Nord-Pas-de-Calais
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When were the regions created?
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1955; (dotee since 1964, became public establishments in 1972)
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How many regions are there?
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22
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What are the two different tendencies?
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la tendance jacobine - centralism
l'émiettement départmental - petite division |
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What are the different drinks associated with the following regions:
Normand/Breton Alsace "Midi" |
Normand/Brenton - le cidre
Alsace - le biere "Midi" - le pastis |
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What are the cheese associated with the following regions?
La Normandie La Savoie L'Auvergne Les Causses |
La Normandie - le camembert
La Savoie - La tomme L'Auvergne - le "bleu"ou le cantal Les Causses -le roquefort |
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What are the dishes associated with the following regions:
Alsace Breton Toulouse Marseille Savoie et Bourgogne Normandie |
Alsace - la choucroute
Breton - les crepes Toulouse - le cassoulet Marseille - la bouillabaisse Savoie or Bourgogne - la fondue le Midi - l'huile la Normandie - la cuisine a la creme |
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What are the stereotypes of:
la Gascogne la Bretagne l'Alsace Midi |
la Gascogne - il est hâbleur et batailleur, (fought in Catholic wars - reputation guerriere gave birth to literature of 19th century, repris in film)
la Bretagne - têtu et impulsif - gave rise to two images, one of sous-developpé, (Bécassine, la bonne à tout faire bien intentionné, mais idiote de bande dessinée); another of tenacité du grand coeur, (Victor Hugo stories) l'Alsace - leur langue et leur accent germaniques; patriotes - les plus "Européens" des Francais Midi - avoir le verbe haut; le sens du geste theatral; "acent" aux voyelles ouvertes (Toulouse - amateur de cassoulet et de ruby; Marseille a la eputation de ne pas etre serieux ~ characters of Marius an Olive) |
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Are there still regional particularisms? If so, where?
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Yes family structure, habitat, ways of speaking, agmes, sports, parties, enquetes ethnographiques (true everywhere except maybe Paris); ex. le taux de la langue regionale atteignant en moyenne 15% and 30% understand local language, but don't speak it
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Describe the sentiment d'appartenance.
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On se sent avant tout "de sa commune," puis de son departement et de sa region, then de France; ex. only 30% of Marseilleise identify themselves as French
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Describe the dynamic between globalization and l'attachment.
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Il est vrai que les manifestations de l'attachement des populations a ces cultures son peu spectaculaires et plus privees que publiques
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Where did the centralist tendancy in France come from?
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Louis XIV fromt eh French Revolution et from Napoleon
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How is political power set up in France?
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La France administrative drawn by Napoleon est very strongly centralized; au plan local, only le prefet, repsentant de l'etate, decdies, and les maires are nomme, not elected
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What is a commune?
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une collectivite de proxoimite; competenté pour l'urbanisme, l'état civil, l'enseignement primarie
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What type of political entities are departments?
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une collectivité de solidarité - s'occupe des colleges, des ports de commerce, d'ation et d'aide sociales
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What type of political entity are regions?
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développment économique - s'occupe des lycées
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Describe the diverse geography of France.
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rivages de la Méditerranée; Alpes du Sud; plaines fluviales et littorales; les massifs de moyenne et basse Provence
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What unites la Provence?
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the climate grace a un ensoleillement exceptionnel; frequent violent winds, (le Mistral)
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What is le Mistral?
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vent du Nord qui rafraichit always teh temprature and éloigne les nuages
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Why is the environment fragile in Provence?
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la foret needs to be protected from défrichement and frequent incendies
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What percentage of Provence is protected?
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12% - trois parcs nationaux et trois parcs regionaux
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What is la garrigue?
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Secondary vegetation basse (herbes et buissons) that grown sur un sol calcaire apres déforestation
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Is le Mistral beneficial or destructive?
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Le mistral est un vent violent et capricieux; il peut souffler 150 a 180 jours par an; creates an intense evaporation; creates the pureté fo the skin and the luminosité of its atmosphere
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What creates le Mistral?
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la différence de pression barométrique between a zone dépresionnaire, centrée sur le Golfe de Gênes et de hautes pressions situées au nord et a l'ouest du Massif Central
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When were amandes imported to France and from where?
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Imported from Asie in 1548
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What are amandes used for?
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la fabrication de calissons
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Where are olives cultivated?
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Salon, Nyons, and versants, (mountainsides) of s. of mountains
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What determines the quality of olive oil?
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The pureté des fruits et du proédé de fabrication
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When is the lavander growing season?
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July to September
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What is lavandin?
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un rendement bien supérieur to lavande braie, mais est d'une essence de qualité inférieure
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What plants come from St-Rémyde-Provence?
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le basilic et la marjolaine
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What plants come from le Vucluse?
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l'estrgon
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What is tarragon used for?
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Flavoring
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What is absinthe used for?
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To make drinks
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What were adjectives used by Pagnol to describe color and scent of the countryside of Provence?
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luisant, (glowing); brune; son teint naturel; un parfum puissant s'éleva comme un nuage; enveloppa tout entier
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Is viticole a recent activity in Provence?
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No, c'est la plus ancienne région viticole de France (Jules César chose the vins of Provence to give to his soldiers after their retour fromt the conquete de la Gaule
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What percentage of the exploitations agricoles of Provence is viticulture?
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1/2
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How many people does the production of wine employ?
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22,000
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What are the principal department producteurs of wine?
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Bouches du Rhone. le Var, and Vauclus
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What are some crus of Provence?
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le Gigondas
un blanc de Cassis un Cote du Ventoux un Cote du Lubéron un Coteau d'Aix |
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What is le muscat de Beaumes-deVenice?
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Persistently acclaimed wine, boit en apéritif
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What is l'aioli?
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A sauce served abec un plat de morue and vegetables
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What are santons?
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statuettes made as an act of devotion; made in the two or three weeks preceding Noel; connue depuis le début du 19th century
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Who are the "pointeurs" in pétanque and who are the "tireurs"
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"Pointeurs" - doivent lancer leurs boules le plus pres possible to the "cochonnet"
"Tireurs" - doive déloger les boules de l'autre équipe |
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Why is Provence a region of contrasts?
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Les plaines (la Camargue, la Crau, le Comtat Venaissin), les montagnes, (Alpes et Préalpes du Sud), le littoral, et les cotes des Maures et de l'Esterel
Espaces denses, (Bouches-du-Rhone, les Aples-maritimes, le Var, et le Vaucluse) et espaces dépeuplés, (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence et les Hautes Alpes) |
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Where does PACA rank in population?
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3rd Region
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What age are most of the imigrants?
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Aged; often aisées (well-off)
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What immigration movements modified the Provencal population?
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L'Installation de pres de 400,000 rapatriés d'Afrique du Nord et l'immigration maghrébine
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What cities are identified as rich and which ones have many poor?
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Rich - Cote d'Azur, Var
Poor - Marseille |
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What types of divisions exist between the people in Provence?
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Rich vs. Poor
Qualified and Not Qualified la vocation méditerranéenne réaffirmée vs. la volonté de s'intégrer au développement rapide du bassin Saone Rhone |
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What is the déséquilibre in the industrial sector?
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grandes unités de production et un tissue de petites enterprises
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From a demographic region, is Provence a dynamic region or one in decline?
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One in decline, because a lot of weathy old people come to the area
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What are the political problems of Provence, (relating to migration)?
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La cohabitation des communautées est une donnée régionale historique, souvent marquée par des réactions de violence ou une marginalisation momentanée des nombreuses et tres diverses minorités
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Why is the port important for Marseille?
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c'est un noyau central autour de Marseille, dont le porte reste un élément structurant majeur
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How many universites are in Provence?
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6
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Is Provence good for research?
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2nd in France after Paris
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Describe the political transformations in PACA.
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1960's - swing to the right in electorats from Alpes-Maritimes
1970-80's - electorats from Var Political Extremes - extreme droit que n'one démenti ni résultats des élections municipales de Mars 2001 ni ceux de l'élection présidentielle de 2002 |
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What happened in 125-122 avant J.C.?
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Conquete de la Provence par les Romains; fondation d'Aquae Sextiae (Aix) par Sextius Calvinus en 123
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What happened in 476 apres J.C.?
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Chute (fall) de l'empires Romain d'Occident
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What happened in 1309-1378?
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les papes d'Avignon
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What happened in 1486?
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Réunion définitive a la France: Décision ratifiée par les "états de Provene"
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What happened in 1539?
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édit de Villers-Cotteret imposant l'usage du francais pour les actes administratifs
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What happened in 1792?
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500 voluntaires marseillais des armées révolutionaires défilent a Paris en chantant le chant de l'armée du Rhine qui est désormais appelé "La Marseillaise"
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What happened in 1981?
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Paris-Marseille reliées par le TGV
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What were les rapports betwen la Provence a l'Italie Romaine?
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27-22 avant J.C. - Organisations de la Provence par l'empereur Auguste: Romanizations
Ier-IIIe siecles - Pax romana; début du christianism; persvcutions religieuses par les Romains |
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What was Provincia?
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Romands extended progressively sa domination sur un vaste pays representing the S. moitié of France, creding un rempart against barbaric invasions that menaced Italy; this region became Provincia ~ Provence
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What were the barbaric tribes that Provincia was established to protect against?
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Teutons et les Cimbres
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How did Marseille get its name?
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le consul Marius vainc des Barbares qui attaquaient la Provincia lors d'une vataille tres celebre
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When was Provincia soumised by Rome?
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Jules César used Provincia as a base d'opération en -58 to invade la "Gaule Chevelue" du nord.
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What is the Pax Romana?
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permettre une lente assimilation des populatoins de la région a l'Empire Romain ~ Provincia est appelée "ne autre Italie;" rustic countryside became urbaine ~ prosperité permitted constructin of a number of buildlings
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What was the official language of Provincia during the Pax Romana?
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Latin
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What does civilization "gallo-romaine" mean?
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Around time Christianism was trying to take root in Provincia, les villes phares de la Provence sont marseille et Arles, (appelé "la Rome des Gaules"
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In what cities can you see evidence of Roman occupation?
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Marseille et Arles
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What did the Romans build in Orange?
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Arc de Triomphe et son theatre antique, (Chorégies d'Orange)
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In what city is there a large 20,000 spectator theatre constructed by the Romans?
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Arles
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What was happening in Provence around 700?
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Les comtes francs installés in Provence fought against the central power ~ Charles Martel s'empare Arles et Marseille ~ Provence soumised to N. France ~ counts revolt ~ royaume de Provence appears
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What happened to Provence in 1033?
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Provence était intégrée au Saint Empire Romain Germanique (did not leave a strong empreinte
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What was unique about the romanesque-style churches?
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nef unique voutée en berceau; abside circulaire; richment décorées; grandes abbayes bénédictines
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What is the most recent of the three abbayes cistercienne de provence?
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l'Abbaye de Silvacane
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How did the abbey of Silva Cana get it's name?
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fondé dans un sit désolé et marecageux
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What is Avignon know as?
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The city of popes and theatre
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When did the popes come to Avignon and why?
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A cause des guerres en Italie ~ moved 9 Mars 1309
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During what month is Avignon full of music and theatre?
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Juillet
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What happened with the lodging crisis in Avignon?
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Cardinal bought pour lui et ses proches 51 maisons; aux autres de se débrouiller
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What two palaces remain in Avignon?
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Palais Vieux - construit par Benoit XI (vast cuisins ornée d'une hotte énorme)
Palais Neuf - construit par Clément VI - un faste |
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Describe the founding of the Festival d'Avignon
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Fondé en 1947 by Jean Vilar; an exposition of peinture et sculpture contemporaines, organized in Palais des Papes by Christian Zervos and René Char - wanted Jean Vilar to present his first public success: Meurtre dans la cathédrale, but the Palais was trop vaste et trop informe pour lui ~ created festival for lesser-known works ~ ceated Theatre National Populaire ~ petit a petit, le festival attire a Avignon toutes les avant-gardes theatrales, choregraphiques, et meme musicales
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What is le "off?"
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amateurs; regroupement épars (scattered) de compagnies d'abord locals puis de junes équipes qui veulent toucher le public du Festival
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What is the specificity of the Festival d'Avignon d'apres it ancient programmateur?
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la cohérence; it's a place of confrontation ~ tache du programmateur est d'organiser la confrontation; festival of création
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What are the roman languages?
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italien, roumain, catalan, espagnol, portugais, langue d'oil au Nord de Frnace et langue d'oc dans le Midi
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When did le provencal come into use?
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11th century (l'époque mérovingienne)
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What does 'L'Occitaine tout entiere" mean?
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It means it's not just provencale, it's from Bordeaux to Nice, (like the littérature des troubadours)
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Who are the poets mentioned in the Guide?
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Jaufré Rudel de Blaye, Bernard de Ventadour, Peire Vidal de Toulouse, For Provence - Raimbaut d'Orange, la comtesse de Die, Raimbaut de Vaqeiras, Flquet de Marseille
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What was the only administrative language in the Middle Ages?
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La langue d'oc
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Who used to be troubadours?
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Aristocracy - rois ou des princes, but they had their valets, (jongleurs ou ménestrels), transmettent ce répertoire de chateau en chateau
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What type of love did Troubadours sing of?
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a mystic type of love - unattainable; la femme (noble) devient un object de respect quasi divin; l'amour est chaste, chante de fidélité, loyauté, constance, sincérité, soumissio, obéissance; il ne répresente pas la vie de chaque jour
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What was le félibrige?
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Un mouvement littéraire régionaliste fondé en 1854 afin de faire renaitre la langue et la culture provencales
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What did Frédéric Mistral say were the two objectives of the Félibrige?
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1. Ravier en Provence le sentiment de race
2. Provoquer cette résurretion par la restauration de la langue naturelle et historique du pays |
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What was the first publication du Félibrige?
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l'Armana Prouvencau in 1855
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What were the two mouvements fideles au félibrige traditionaelle?
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la Cigal et le Félibrige de Paris
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What language is French derived from?
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Latin with a Gaulois "twist;" came from latin des soldates, des marchands, et des colons romains, not classical Latin
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What is "le Boulevard" in Bastides Blanches?
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A assez longue esplanade soutenue par un rempart de pierres bien dix metres de hauteur et qui finissait en parapet sous un rangee de tres vieux planatnes; people come here pour la conversation
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Where did people come tosettle in Bastides Blanches and why?
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La Placette; si on monte au milieu du Boulevard, find fontaine qui portait une conque de pierre; la seule source importante du pays
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What was la Mairie in Bastides Blanche?
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La plus grande batisse du village; le siege du "Cercle Repblicain;" organized de jeux de loto et de jeux de petanque
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What were the five names of the Bastidiens?
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Anglade, Chabert, Olivier, Cascavel, et Soubeyran
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When was Aix a capital?
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Au temps des Gaulois
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How did Aix-en-Provence get its name?
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Aquae Sextiae, a cause du grand nombre de sources qui alimentent la ville en eau; la ville tire son nom de l'eau et de son fondateur romain (Sextus Calvinus)
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What is Aix known for?
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Son courant artistique; "ville d'art et de culture;" hotels particuliers
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What is happening in Aix today?
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une ville d'industries dans les domaines de l'informatique, de l'electronique, et de la recherche-developpement
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What happened to Aix's population in the 50s?
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It tripled (une croissance demographique exceptionelle)
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Who founded Arles?
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Les Pheniciens
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What did Constantin call Arles?
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"Petite Rome des Gaules"
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What remains of the prosperity in Arles?
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Le theatre et l'ampitheatre
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What is the deserve of rocks where lambs live?
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Le Crau
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Where is Soleiado produced?
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Tarascon
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What is Alphilles known for? 2 things)
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Baux-de-Provence - carrieres de bauxite; reputee pour les oliviers
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What is Luberon known for? (2 things)
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Terre de sorcellerie; terre rouge
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Where did Petrarque come to meditate?
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La Fontaine de Vaucluse
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where is petanque from?
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l'isle sur la sorgue
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Describe la garrigue? (2 things)
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petites maisons en pierre; apicultuers (ruches)
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What mountain is very difficult to climb?
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Le Mount Ventoux;
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