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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Drug sensitivity in the very young results from _____ ______ ______
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Organ System Immaturity
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Drug sensitivity in the elderly results from ______ ______ ______
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Organ System Degeneration
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What is the formula for approximating a child's dose?
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(Body surface area of child) X (Adult Dose) / 1.73 meters squared
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Gastric emptying time in early infancy (prior to 6 months) is prolonged and irregular. Therefore, absorption is ________ for drugs absorbed in the stomach.
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Enhanced
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Irregular gastric emptying time in early infancy causes absorption of drugs in the intestines to be ________.
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Delayed
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Selecting convenient drug dosage and dosing schedule is a way to promote ______
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Adherence
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What is the main reason pediatric patients are more sensitive to drugs?
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The organ systems that regulate drug levels are not fully developed (Organ System Immaturity)
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When drugs are administered intravenously to pediatric patients, drug levels remain _____ the MEC _____ than in the adult.
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Above, Longer
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Drugs administered subQ to pediatric patients reach levels ______ than adults causing the effects to be _______.
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Higher, Intensified
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Intramuscular Administration causes absorption in neonates (less than 1 month old) to be ______. Why is this?
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Slow. Lack of muscle and blood flow to the muscle.
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Percutaneous Absorption is ______ in pediatric patients than in older children. Why is this?
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Higher. Skin is very thin in younger patients, putting them at greater risk of toxicity from topical drugs.
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Name 2 reasons the binding of drugs to albumin is limited in infants.
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1. Relatively low level of albumin in blood. 2. Endogenous compounds (fatty acids, bilirubin) compete w/ drugs for binding sites.
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Whey should meds affecting the CNS (morphine, phenobarbital) be given in reduced doses to infants?
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The Blood-Brain Barrier is not fully developed
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In infants (5-52 weeks old), Intramuscular drugs are absorbed _______ than in neonates and adults.
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Faster
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The drug-metabolizing capacity in the liver of newborns is ______.
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Low
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Complete maturation of the liver develops by what age?
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1 year old
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Renal drug excretion in very ____ at birth.
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Low
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Adult level renal excretion is achieved at what age?
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1 year old
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By what age are MOST phamacokinetic parameters in children similar to those in adults?
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1 year old
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What is the main way children (1-12 years old) differ from adults in terms of pharmacokinetics?
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Children metabolize drugs faster and thus dosages may need to be increased or intervals between doses shortened.
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Children may present with acidosis, hyperthermia, and respiratory depression due to ______ toxicity.
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Aspirin
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