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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When did King Leopold own Belgium?
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Late 1800s to the turn of the 20th century.
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Who was Henry Stanley?
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He worked with King Leopold to build baths up theCongo River so that steamboats could be brought up the river. He also had village leaders sign contracts that gave up all their rights, land, families, and labor for a piece of cloth.
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According the Henry Stanley, what would the machine gun do?
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It would help civilization overcome barbarianism.
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What was "The Association"?
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King Leopold used it as an alibi that said it was against arab slave trading, when actually he was using it just to rally public support in Congo while he was using slaves himself.
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What did the Belgians want out of Congo?
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They took rubber from rubber trees, ivory from elephant tusks,
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What were some ways in which the congolese were forced to work for the Belgians?
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* They would chain women up until their husbands came back with rubber
* They forced and shipped Congolese men to other parts of the country to force labor, if their countrymen wouldn't work they would have to kill them, with a hand chopped off as proof. So sometimes they would just chop off the hand of living people. *Get shot or whipped. |
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What was displayed in New Yorks Zoo in 1902?
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A Pygmy from the Congo as a monkey man.
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Who was George Washington Williams?
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He wrote an open letter to Leopold about the suffering of the region's inhabitants at the hands of Leopold's agents, helped to sway European and American public opinion against the regime running the Congo, under which some 10 million people lost their lives.
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When the public started to go against what Leopold was doing, how did he react?
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He tried to to a "scam" investigation and payed lawyers to go and fake everything they saw in the Congo. But they were so upset by what they saw they actually displayed the real facts to the public. Even a judge broke down and wept because of what he heard from witnesses. Unfortunately, no one saw these until the 1980s.
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When did Congo gain it's independence?
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1960s.
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What troubles did Congo face after it's independence?
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It had been pillaged and robbed for 100 years and was suddenly expected to self govern itself. There was less than 30 university graduates, to physicists, engineers, officers, agronomists, etc.
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Who was the first Congolese Prime Minister?
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Patrice Lumumba
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By whom was Patrice Lumumba possibly assassinated? Why?
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The CIA because he had communist tendencies.
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Who was Mobutu?
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Prime Minister set up by US after Lumumba, exploited people and had 4 billion dollars.
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How does Joseph Conrad relate to Congo?
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The Heart of Darkness not only gives moral and literary truths, but also tells of the harsh realities of the Congo at the time.
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How was King Leopold see in Europe when he started invading Congo?
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as a philanthropist, a humanitarian crusader whose main interest in Congo was to save the natives from marauding Arab slavers.
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What was a chicotte? What was sometimes added?
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a whip of raw, sun-dried hippopotamus hide, cut into a long sharp-edged cork-screw strip. Salt.
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Who was Edward Morel?
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(CRA). With the aid of Casement, Morel published his campaigns against Leopold's brutality in the West African Mail
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What was Congo like before the Belgians came?
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For many centuries the Bakubas have had a highly organized social system, an impressive artistic tradition and a secular form of government that expressed the will of the people through a democratic political system. The court of a Bakuba chief is ruled by a protocol as rigid and complicated as that of Versailles under Louis XIV
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How did Patrice Lumumba start out?
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He was a journalist who sold beer on the side.
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What was an Evoluee?
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An African who was more educated and "civilized" that the rest who got a card that labeled him as a good citizen.
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What two parties did Lumumba start? and When?
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Partie Libéral du Congo-Belge and le MNC, le Mouvement Nationale Congolais. 1955.
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Why were the riots on Leopoldville in 59?
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Because the Belgiam Governement had decided to give power to the Congolese little by little.
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Was Lumumba a Unitarian or a federalist?
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Unitarian
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Who was opposing Lumumba in the elections?
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Katanga, who was a supporter of the Belgians.
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Why did the Congolese army revolt? How did belgians react and why?
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Because they didn't want to be ruled by the Belgians any more. So the Belgians took this as a way to "protect" the belgians, but actually slaughter the army to help Katanga.
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Why did Lumumba ask for help from the Soviet Union?
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Because he didn't get it from the United Nations.
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Who had support from the United Nations to become president of the Congo?
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Mobutu.
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Who was called the Black JFK?
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Patrice Lumumba
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What did Witte write in "The assassination of Lumumba"?
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That it wasn't the CIA that killed him, but the Belgian govt.
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How long was Lumumba's govt. in power?
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10 weeks
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Summarize the film Xala
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The film depicts El Hadji, a politician in Senegal, who is cursed with impotence upon the day of his marriage to his third wife. The film satirizes the corruption in African post-independence governments; El Hadji's impotence symbolizes the failure of such governments to break away from foreign influence and the greed of their own politicians.
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When Senegal Politicians meet in Xala, who else is in the room?
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A French Politicain who watches everything they do. o Ironic at the beginning that he is talking about their own african traditions and they are their own businessmen, etc, then I white guy walks in and opens a briefcase of money.
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What does the mother of the young bride tell her before she gets married in Xala?
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o Mom to new bride, “remember the men and women are not equal. He is the master. You must always be available. Don’t raise your voice. Be submissive.”
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What does Hadji decide at the end of the film?
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o Hadji wants to talk in Wolof at meeting, talks about how he should be able to use their money as he wants because they are all pawns of the french anyway. We have all given bad checks, been in on ride traffiking.
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What is crippling the new leaders of Senegal just as the Xala is crippling Hadji?
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The fact that they are money hungry and doing everything the european's want and exploiting africans.
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What happens after Hadji searches and searches for a cure to Xala? What does this represent?
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He loses everything, even his wives. How senegalese will lose everything because they are too busy catering to europeans.
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What to Hadji's three wives represent?
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*one is African tradition,
*another believes that due to her youth and sophistication she has the right to say and do whatever she feels.Sembene uses Oumi as an example of the caricature that emerges from cupidity, shallowness, denial of culture, and the disillusioned eagerness to follow Western and foreign morals. *N’Gone, El Hadji’s third wife illustrates his materialistically motivated greed.His lack of cultural, spiritual, economic, and political wisdom causes his entire existence to become impotent and useless in African society. |
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Why is Hadji crowned by beggars at the end of Xala? What does this represent?
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He is crowned by one of the beggars with the white flower crown worn by his third wife at the wedding. The crown symbolizes the preserved virginity of the woman he was unable to deflower. It is also representative of the fertile, pure, virginal quality of Africa that will be restored through the elimination of the stagnating middle class bourgeoisie.
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