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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanisms for total quality management quality improvement
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outcome achievement
peer review record audit certification of nurses documentation utilization review risk mgmt research utilization consumer involvement |
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personal values
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freely chosen, enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object idea or action
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code to ethics
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formal statement of a group's ideals and values. Shared by all group members, reflecting moral judgement over time. Serves as a standard for professional actions
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ANA code for nurses
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1973 striking change, deleting statements that showed dependency on the physician.
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informed consent
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must be voluntary. Made with capacity and competence to understand. Receive enough info to understand
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Bill of Rights
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right considerate and respectful care.
right to....relevant, current, understandable info concernning dx, tx and prognosis -make decisions about plan of care -expect hospital to honor advance directive -privacy -confidentiality -review own patients records -consent or decline participatin in proposed research studies |
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living will
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instrument by which a dying person makes wishes known to care givers; a living will has no legal validity in most states
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autonomy
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ability or tendency to function independently
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advanced directives
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a written agreement established between a client and physician to withhold heroic measures or life sustaining tx if the patients condition becomes irreversible. Advance directives are usually written at the time when clients are healthy or able to make conscious decisions regarding their welfare
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utilitarianism
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for consequentiality theory, views a good act as one that brings the most good and the least harm for the greatest number of people
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deontology
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(principles based)emphasizes individual rights, duties and obligation. Morality of an action is determined not by consequences but by whether it is performed according to an impartial, objective principle
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caring
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(relationship based) stress courage, generosity, commitment and the need to nurture and maintain relationships
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justice
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(fairness) assist client's in receiving unbiased tx, health services and resources proportionate to their needs
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beneficence
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"doing good" implement actions that benefit clients and their support persons.
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autonomy
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right to make one's own decisions. Inward autonomy-abiltiy to make choices outward autonomy- choices are not limited or imposed by others
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nonmaleficience
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duty ot do no harm. Harm can mean intentional harm, risk of harm and unintentional harm
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obligations
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ethical decisions
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veracity
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refers to telling the truth. BOK (1992) lying to sick or dying people is rarely justified
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fidelity
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faithful to agreements and promises
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confidentiality
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information learned in the context of a professional relationship is shared outside the health care team only with the client's permission or as legally required
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ethical issues in nursing practice
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nurse has no right to impose their values on a client
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informed consent
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process of obtaining permission from a client to perform a specific test or procedure after describing all risks, side effects and benefits
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DNR/No code
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means in the event of cardiac/respiratory failure, no resuscitative efforts should be instituted. Does not mean no care
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abortion
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no public consensus has been reached. Conscience clauses permit nurses to refuse to assist with an abortion if doing so violates their religious or moral principles.
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organ transplant
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allocation of organs, selling of body parts, involvement of children as potential donors, consent
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euthanasia
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bringing about the client's death with or without clients consent. Forbidden by law, can result in criminal charges of murder
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right to die
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x
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nurtition/hydration
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withdrawing or withholding food/fluids. Morally obligated to withhold food and fluids when it is more harmful to administer them than to withhold them. Morally/legally permissible for nurses to honor the refusal of food/fluids by competent patients
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criminal law
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public law;deals with relationships between individuals and the govt. actions against the safety and welfare of the public
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civil law
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body of law that deals with relationships between private individuals. Includes contract law and tort law
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statutory
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laws enacted by any legislative body. Such as regulation of nursing
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common
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laws that evolve from court decisions; continually beingadapted and expanded
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torts
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(private/civil)can be intentional or unintentional.....wrong against a person or property
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negligence
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misconduct/practice that is below the standard expected of an ordinary reasonable and prudent practitioner(unintentional)
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malpractice
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professional negligence; negligence that occurs during a person is performing as a professional. To avoid charges of malpractice, nurses need to recognize those nursing situations in which negligent actions are most likely to occur; medication error, burning a client(heating pads, water bottles), client falls(bed rails), failure to observe and take appropriate action igoring the clients complaints
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assault
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attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably. Assault precedes battery(intentional). Threat of injection for a client that will not consume oral meds is assault
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battery
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willfual touching of a person/their clothing or something that person is carrying, that may/may not cause harm. Thouching must be done without permission, be embarrassing, or cause injury. Liability exists even if the doctor ordered the medication and or the client benefits from the nurse's action
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invasion of privace
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necessary discussion about a client's medical condition is considered appropriate, unnecessary discussion/gossip are considered breach of confidentiality. To include: deaths, births, infxns, communicable disease, child/elder abuse and violent incidents
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privileged communications
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information given to a professional person who is forbidden by law from disclosing the info in a court without the consent of the person who provided it. Many states do not extend the privelege to nurse-client communication
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fraud
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willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause or has caused loss or harm to a person or property. Misrepresentation of a product is a common fruadulent act
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slander
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defamation of character; use of spoken word, stating false words by which a reputation is damaged. One nurse saying another nurse is incompetent. Is no slander if spoken to the accused without a third party hearing it
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libel
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defamation of character- use of print, writing or pictures
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false imprisonment
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unlawful restraint of detention of another person against his/her wishes. Does not require force, the fear of force is sufficient
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abandonment-
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failing to continue to give services to a patient without notice. A RN leaves without giving report or determining that there is another RN to cover her patients
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breach of duty
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not behaving in a reasonable manner; careless admin of meds
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elements of a valid contract
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assent of parties/ person involved
2) valid consideration(something of value) for fulfilling the terms of the contract 3)lawful purpose- activity must be legal 4)competent parties 5) completion of the document if required by law |
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rights and responsibilities of the rn
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1) remain competent to care for the client
2)expect the client to provide accurate info as required |
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respondent superior
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the employer assumes responsibility for the conduct of the employee and can also be held responsible for the malpractice by the employee. therefore the rn's conduct is the hospitals responsibility
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Will
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declaration by a person about how the person's property is to be disposed of after death. Person making the will must be of sound mind, able to understand and retain mentally, must not be unduly influenced by anyone else
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health records
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a client's medical record is a legal document and can be produced in court as evidence
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criminal negligence
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commission or omission of an act that causes a serious wrong to another. any act of negligence resulting in the death of a patient
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assisted suicide
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active euthanasia; or giving the clients the means to kill themselves if they request it
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licensure(rn)
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legal permits a govt. agency grants to individuals to engage in the practice of a profession and use a particular title
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role of the state board of nursing
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to see that nursing practice act is carried out. establishing rules and regulations to implement the board terms in the law itself and setting minimum standards of practice. developing standards for continuing competency of licensed practioners
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sunset laws
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periodic reexamination of licensing agencies to determine whether particular boards/activities should be maintained
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Controlled Substance Acts(federal)
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1973 regulates the distrubution of narcotics and other drugs of abuse. Drugs categorized according to therapeutic usefullness/potential for abuse. Govt. programs established for prevention and tx of drug abuse
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freedon of information act
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expanded medicare reimbursements to include certified nurse-midwives working in HMOs and to nursing homes for the service of gerontalogical nurse practioners(1987)
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good Samaritan Laws
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exemption from civil liability when emergency care is given in "good faith" with "due care" or without "gross negligence"
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expert witness
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a person with special training/experience or skill in a relevant field that is allowed by the court to offer an opinion of some issue within the area of expertise
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