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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mobile frame includes:
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camera angle, level, height, distance
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pan movement
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rotates the camera on a vertical axis, as if the camera "turns its head" right or left
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tilt movement
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rotates the camera on a horizontal axis, as if the camera's head were swiveling up or down
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tracking/dolly shot
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camera as a whole does change position, traveling in any direction along the ground
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crane shot
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camera moves above the ground level (typically rises or descends)
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appeal of camera movement
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increase information about space, objects become sharper & more vivid, new objects/figures revealed, provides convincing cues for movement through space
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Steadicam
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produces smooth mobile shots, enables fluidity, can create elaborate moving shots lasting several minutes and traversing a series of spaces
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hand-held camera
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creates a bumpy, jiggling image
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static camera
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stimulate frame mobility
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reframing
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when character moves, frame will slightly pan or tilt to adjust to the movement
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following shot
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camera movement follows a figure's movement but is more than just reframing
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effects of frame mobility on time
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sense of duration & rhythm, consumes time on screen, velocity of movement/zoom, duration & speed of mobile frame can control perception of the shot over time
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perceptual properties of sound
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loudness, pitch, timbre
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loudness
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volume of sound; related to perceived distance; dynamics used to startle audience
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pitch
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frequency of sound vibrations; can distinguish b/w objects and types of sounds
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timbre
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tone quality; "feel" of sound
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3 types of sounds
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speech, music, noise
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functions of using sound unrealistically
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shifts attention to what is important
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futzing a sound
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treating a sound clip w/ filters to produce different effects
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sound mixing
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combining 2 or more sound tracks by recording them into a single one
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dialog overlap
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when a line of dialog is carried across a cut; sometimes dialog isn't used, rather sound effects such as clinking of teacup or car driving away
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dimensions of sound
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rhythm, fidelity, space, time
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rhythm
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beat, pulse, tempo, pace, pattern of accents
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fidelity
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the extent to which the sound is faithful to the source as we conceive it
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space
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sound has spatial dimension b/c it comes from a source; our beliefs about source have effect on how we understand it
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diegetic sound
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taking place in story world
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external diegetic sound
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that which we as spectators take to have a physical source in the scene
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internal diegetic sound
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internal monologue; cannot be heard by other characters
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nondiegetic sound
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represented as coming from a source outside the story world
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sound perspective
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a sense of spatial distance and location analogous to the cues for visual depth and volume we get with visual perspective; can be suggested by volume
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synchronous sound
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the matching of sound with image in projection; we hear sound at the same time as we see the source produce the sound
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asynchronous sound
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out of sync; often jarring or distracting
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simultaneous sound
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when the sound take place at the same time as the image in terms of story events
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non-simultaneous sound
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the sound we hear to occur earlier or later in the story than the events we see in the image
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voice off
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voice originates from a
speaker who can be inferred to be present in the scene but is not visible |
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voice over
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text spoken by an offscreen narrator; voice not from within the diagesis; can't be heard by characters
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parallelism
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When the soundtrack and
image “say the same thing,” i.e. reinforce each other in terms of the meaning |
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counterpoint
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When two different meanings
are implied by the sound and the image |
