Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What occurs immediately after a fracture?
|
Bleeding...hematoma
|
|
|
How is a hematoma formed?
|
Osteocytes die and release growth factors & cytokines.
|
|
|
What travels to the hematoma?
|
Macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, fibrinogen
|
|
|
What occurs after the hematoma?
|
Granulation tissue is formed
|
|
|
How is granulation tissue formed?
|
Capillary ingrowth, mononuclear cells & fibroblasts transform hematoma
|
|
|
How long does it take for the granulation tissue to appear after fracture?
|
24-48 hours
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of repair?
|
Primary & Secondary intention
|
|
|
What is primary intention?
|
Vascular: osteoblasts form new bone
|
|
|
What is secondary intention?
|
Avascular: Chondroblasts proliferate forming soft callus of hyaline cartilage
|
|
|
How soon after fracture does soft callus form?
|
4-6 weeks later
|
|
|
What is the soft callus made of?
|
woven bone & hyaline cartilage
|
|
|
What are external callus & internal callus made of?
|
External callus: periosteum
Internal callus: endosteum |
|
|
When is the hard callus formed?
|
1 month-1 year after fracture
|
|
|
How is hard callus formed?
|
Woven bone, as blood vessels grow, osteoblasts replace cartilage through endochondral ossification
|
|
|
How long does it take remodeling to occur?
|
6-9 years
|
|
|
Which cells work on bone remodeling?
|
Osteoblasts & osteoclasts
|
|
|
Why is the internal callus remodeled in the hard callus?
|
To re-establish continuous medullary cavity
|
|
|
What are the 3 parts to bone repair?
|
Inflammatory stage, repairative stage, and remodeling
|
|
|
What are the 2 parts to the repairative stage?
|
Primary intention & secondary intention
|
|
|
What does the primary intention consist of?
|
Remodeling and intramembranous ossification
|
|
|
What does secondary intention consist of?
|
Endochondral ossification
|
