Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does meiosis produce? |
Meiosis produces four haploid gametes |
|
|
Reduction Division |
The result of meiosis 1, which separates homologous pairs |
|
|
When does crossing-over occur? |
Crossing-over occurs during prophase 1 |
|
|
What happens during meiosis 2 and what does it produce? |
Sister chromatids separate, four gametes are produced in meiosis 2 |
|
|
Alleles |
Different versions of the same gene |
|
|
Dominant traits |
Determines the organism's appearance |
|
|
Recessive traits |
No noticeable effect on the organism's appearance |
|
|
Heterozygous |
Two different alleles for a gene |
|
|
Homozygous |
Pair of identical alleles |
|
|
Phenotype |
An organism's appearance or observable traits |
|
|
Genotype |
Genetic make-up |
|
|
Monohybrid Crosses |
Aa × Aa = 3:1 ratio |
|
|
Law of Segregation |
States that the two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes |
|
|
Dihybrid Crosses |
AaBb × AaBb = 9:3:3:1 ratio |
|
|
Law of Independent Assortment |
Two or more genes assort independently - that is, each pair of alleles segregates independently of each pair during gamete formation |
|
|
Test Crosses |
Determine genotype of individual showing dominant phenotype |
|
|
Test Cross 2.0 |
Unknown (A_) × aa (homozygous recessive) |
|
|
Incomplete Dominance |
Neither allele is completely dominant, Ex. Red flower × White flower = Pink flower |
|
|
Co-Dominance |
Two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways |
|
|
Sex-linked |
Inherited genes that come from the 23rd set of chromosomes |
|
|
Chi-Square Analysis |
Determining if observed results are significantly different from expected results |
|
|
Degrees of Freedom |
1 less than number of classes of results |
|
|
Chi-Square is less than p=.05 |
Then difference can be due to random chance alone & null hypothesis is accepted |
|
|
DNA |
ACTG nitrogen bases, double helix; A:T, C:G |
|
|
RNA |
ACUG nitrogen bases, single helix; A:U, C:G |
