Four Pilgrims: The Final Journey

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Robert Campin
The Seilern Triptych (The Entombment)
1410-­‐20
London: The Courtauld Gallery

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Back 2

Hans Memling
Advent and Triumph of Christ
1480
oil on wood
orig. Bruges Cathedral: Tanners’ Guild Chapel
now Munich: Alte Pinakothek

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Robert Campin
The Mérode Altarpiece
ca. 1427-­‐32
oil on panel
New York: Metropolitan Museum, Cloisters Collection

Hint 3

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Michael Ostendorfer Pilgrimage to the Schönemadonna of Regensburg
1519-­‐20
woodcut

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Albrecht Altdorfer
1519
etchings
Entrance Hall of the Regensburg Synagogue

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"This is how Holy Mary saved from a fire a woman whom they were trying to burn"

Cantiga 186
Muslim-­‐Christian Adultery
page from the Cantigas de Santa Maria
ca. 1254-­‐80
El Escorial (Madrid prov): Royal Library of San Lorenzo de El Escorial

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"This is how a Muslim woman took her dead son to Holy Mary of Salas, and she revived him for her"

Cantiga 167
Muslim child revived at the shrine of Salas
page from the Cantigas de Santa Maria
ca. 1254-­‐80
El Escorial (Madrid prov): Royal Library of San Lorenzo de El Escorial

Hint 7

summary:
1. a moorish woman from borja had a beautiful son
2. the boy became ill and died
3. his mother had heard of the miracles performed by the virgin of salas and she decided to trust in her
4. despite the objection of other moorish women, she commended her son to the virgin and bought a wax image to offer at Salas
5. She went to Salas, carrying her dead son. she prayed to the virgin, keeping vigil all night long. The Virgin revived the child although he had been dead for three days. The woman converted to Christianity.

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"This is how a statue of Holy Mary, which a Muslim kept specifically in his house, gave milk from its breasts"

Cantiga 46
Muslim converted by an Image of the Virgin

Hint 8

summary:
1. a moor made war on christians and wom a great booty.
2. he divided the spoils, keeping for himself a satue of the virgin, which he put in a high place and dressed in gold garments.
3. he often gazed at it, but could not overcome his doubts about the incarnation (nb: a known muslim objection to christianity was that god would deign to be born of a human woman)
4. he vowed that if god would make himself known, he would convert to christianity.
5. no sooner had he spoken, than the image's breasts turned to flesh and milk began to flow from them. (nb: he doesn't just go to the picture, but takes it home, touches it, connects with it. conversion comes through a personal connection to the image and the miracle.)
6. when the moor saw this he wept, summoned a priest, and was baptised. many other moors also converted.

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"This is how Abuyucef was routed in Marrakesh by the banner of Holy Mary"

Cantiga 181
Mary helps the Muslim king of Marrakesh

Hint 9

summary:
1. the king of marrakech was at war with another muslim ruler, abu yusuf.
2. abu yusuf had crossed the morabe river with a huge army and had laid siege to the city.
3. the king of marrakech was advised by christian mercenaries to go out from the city with his best warriors to do battle. he was to take the banner of holy mary and to be accompanied by christians carrying crosses.
4. the king followed this advice, and when the banner of Holy Mary was unfurled, abu yusuf's army was defeated. Many of his men were killed and they lost their tents and possessions.
5. Others, seeing the banner and crosses, fled in great haste.
6. in this way, the virgin helped her friends, even though they were of another faith.

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Josse Lieferinxe
1497-­‐99
Pilgrims a the Tomb of St. Sebastian
orig. Marseille: Notre-­‐Dame-­‐des-­‐Accoules
now Rome: Palazzo Barberini

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German
ca. 1480
Pilgrims at the tomb of St. Wolfgang, with votive offerings
Pipping (nr. Munich): Church of St. Wolfgang

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Matthew Paris
Cures of Blind Men at King Edward’s Tomb
page from Life of St. Edward the Confessor, fol. 30r
1250s
University of Cambridge Library

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Jaume Huguet
Miracles at the Tomb of St. Vincent
1455-­‐60
orig. Sarrìa (nr. Barcelona)
now Barcelona: MNAC (Museu Nacional de Arte de Catalunya)

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Master of Alkmaar
The Seven Works of Mercy
1504
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

Hint 14

(feeding the poor, giving drink to the thirsty, burying the dead....)

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English
Psalter World Map
ca. 1265
parchment
London: British Library

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Cloister pier relief of Christ on the way to Emmaus
Romanesque
Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos
ca 1100
Northern Spain: Silos (Burgos province)

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Pentecost tympanum at monastery church of Sainte-Madeleine
1120-32
France (Burgundy region):Vézelay

Hint 17

-romanesque
-tall lintels, halfmoon arches, few archivolts, inner band of people of the world in various stages of conversion
-John the baptist
-Jesus charging apostles to go out into the world and convert
-rays from fingertips like sending out on a pilgrimage

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Last Judgement tympanum on Abbey church of St-Lazare
Gislebertus (?)
west portal of abbey church
ca. 1120-40
France (Burgundy region): Autun

Hint 18

-romanesque
-flat linear figures, strong outline
-Jesus has bent knee position
-

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Nave capitals at Abbey church of St-Lazare
Gislebertus (?)
west portal of abbey church
ca. 1120-40
France (Burgundy region): Autun

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Apocalyptic tympanum at Moissac
Romanesque
Moissac: Priory church of St-Pierre
1125-30
SW France: Moissac

Hint 20

-romanesque, but there is a pointy arch
-around Jesus, 4 evangelists in symbolic forms
-scalloping on door
-Jesus in separating mandorla
-24 elders of the apocalypse, craning necks looking up

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Trumeau figures at Moissac
Romanesque
Moissac: Priory church of St-Pierre
1125-30
SW France: Moissac

Hint 21

-clinging to stone, flatness is decorative element
-Jeremiah - legs are in impossible, but expressive position

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Last Judgement tympanum at Abbey Church of Sainte-Foy
1125-35
SW France: Conques

Hint 22

-one door for heaven, another for hell
-romanesque
-no trumeau
-three registers

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Royal portal at Chartres
French Gothic
Chartres Cathedral
ca. 1140-1150
Ile-de-France region: Chartres

Hint 23

-gothic
-classical features of Gothic architecture
-doors interpret, teach, stage
-structured in terms of time

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Royal portal tympana at Chartres
French Gothic
Chartres Cathedral
ca. 1140-1150
Ile-de-France region: Chartres

Hint 24

-gothic
Center - future
-12 apostles (+2 greeters)
-24 elders
-mandorla
-evangelist symbols

Left - present
-craning heads to see Jesus going into clouds with 2 angels
-we live in period between Jesus going away and coming back
-archivolts show zodiac and labors of the month

Right - past/biblical times
-called Virgin/Incarnation portal
-double lintel, bottom shows virgin giving birth and the nativity; top shows presentation of Jesus in the temple
-center is Virgin on throne with Jesus in position known as throne of wisdom
-portal is rigid and stiff - Mary in seat of wisdom, but not yet mother

Jamb figures depict prophets
-3d bodies
-stoic, not moving, like columns as architecture, outlines symbolic function as individuals
-holding what would indicate who they are

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Belle Verrière stained glass at Chartres
French Gothic
Chartres Cathedral
ca. 1150-70 (4 romanesque windows) rest 1210-1240
Ile-de-France region: Chartres

Hint 25

-preserves 4 panels from Romanesque
-pointed shape called lancet
-blue is not a special color

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Rose Window at Chartres (Rose of France)
Chartres
French Gothic
Chartres Cathedral
ca 1220
Ile-de-France region: Chartres

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Sainte-Chapelle Interior
French, Gothic Rayonnant = Court style
1243-48
Paris: Ile de la Cite

Hint 27

-not a cathedral, royal chapel built by Louis IX
-micro architecture
-jewel box

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Muslim artisans in the Royal Workshop of Palermo
Coronation Mantle of Holy Roman Emperors,
made for the Norman King Roger II of Sicily
1133-34
orig. Sicily: Palermo
now Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum

Hint 28

• inscribed (in Arabic): “This is what was made in the royal treasury. Full happiness, honor, good fortune, perfection, long life, profit, welcome, prosperity, generosity, splendor, glory, perfection, realization of aspirations and hopes, of delights of days and nights, without end or modification, with might, care, sponsorship, protection, happiness, well-being (success), triumph, and sufficiency. In Palermo (Madinah Siquliyah) in the year 528 (1133-34).”
Mosan (modern Belgium)
Reliquary Arm
ca. 1230
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters Collection

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Carolingian
Reliquary casket
ca. 780
orig. Germany: church of Enger
Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz

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French, from Auvergne
Virgin and Child in Majesty
second half 12th century (1150–1200)
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art

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German
Pietà
1375-1400
polychromed wood, 52 ½ in. H
New York: Metropolitan Museum

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French, from Paris
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux
1339
orig. Paris: Abbey of St.-Denis
now Paris: Musée du Louvre

Hint 32

commissioned by queen Jeanne d’Evreux as a gift for the Abbey of St.-Denis

contains strands of the Virgin’s hair (mounted in the scepter), semi-reliquary

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French, from Paris
Standing Virgin and Child
1260-80
ivory
orig. Paris: Abbey of St.-Denis
now Cincinnati: Taft Museum

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French, from Paris
Mary of Burgundy at her Devotions
page from the Hours of Mary of Burgundy
(codex Vindobonensis)
before 1482
orig. collection of Mary of Burgundy
now Vienna: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

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French, court Rayonnant style
Penitence, Devotion, Contemplation, Rewarded with a Mystical Vision
ca. 1290
orig. France: Royal Abbey of Maubuisson
now London: British Library, fol. 29r

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Jean Pucelle
The Taking of Christ (Betrayal and Arrest) & the Annunciation
pages from the Hours of Jeanne d’Evreux, fol. 15v and 16r
ca. 1325-38
orig. Paris: royal collection
New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cloisters Collection

Hint 36

marriage gift from Charles IV to a very young Jeanne d’Evreaux

Annunciation accompanies Psalm 51: Domine labia mea aperies (“O Lord, open my lips”) and contains an historiated initial D shows Jeanne reading. This indicates that the illuminations are not illustrations but personal visions inspired by the prayerbook

The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus includes a bas-de-page (bottom marginal element) of goats jousting

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Limbourg Brothers (Jean, Herman, and Pol)
The Très Riches Heures of the Duke de Berry
1411-16
orig. collection of John of France, Duke of Berry (1340-1416) (brother of the king)
now Chantilly, France: Musée Condé

Great Litany: Procession of Pope Gregory I in Rome, fol. 71v-72r

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Limbourg Brothers (Jean, Herman, and Pol)
The Très Riches Heures of the Duke de Berry
1411-16
orig. collection of John of France, Duke of Berry (1340-1416) (brother of the king)
now Chantilly, France: Musée Condé

calendar pages: June, Mowing (showing the Palais de la Cité, with the Sainte Chapelle)

calendar pages: October, Tilling and Sowing (showing the medieval Palais du Louvre)

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Carolingian
Reliquary of Sainte-Foi (Saint Faith)
ca. 985-1000, with gothic additions
Conques, SW France: Abbey of Sainte-Foy de Conques (church)

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Romanesque
Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
built ca. 1070-1120
NW Spain: Santiago de Compostela

Hint 40

under architect Bernard the Elder and patrons bishops Diego Peláez + Diego Gelmírez
embellished ca. 1160 to 1217
under architect Master Mateo and patron Fernando II of León, including the Portico de la Gloria
restored 1738-50
under architect Fernando Casas y Nóvoa, including the baroque façade

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Maestro Mateo (Master Matthew), sculptor
Pórtico de la Gloria (“Glory portal”)
west façade of the Cathedral of Santiago
1168-88
NW Spain: Santiago de Compostela

Hint 41

once an outdoor portal under a deep porch

now enclosed behind the baroque façade of 1738-50

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Spanish, from Castile
Puerta de Platerías (“Plaza of the Silver-workers door”)
south transept doorway to the Cathedral of Santiago
built in the late 12th c.
NW Spain: Santiago de Compostela

Hint 42

reusing carvings from the original west façade removed to build the Gloria portal